石墨烯、类石墨烯纳米材料在环境毒物分析、生物传感方面的应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 18:24

本文关键词： 纳米材料重金属Ni(II) 功能化GO PDA-Au 对硝基苯酚催化二硫化钨适配体前列腺抗原　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：纳米材料由于其特别的化学和物理性质而在许多新领域得到了应用,比如生物传感、临床诊断、环境监测、污水处理等。纳米材料种类繁多,有的易于修饰和改性,有的可以结合生活性分子,有的可以用于抗癌药物传递。基于纳米材料的多样性、多功能性,备受研究者瞩目。本文利用纳米材料独特的性质,将其运用到环境、催化和肿瘤标志物的检测,工作内容如下:(1)合成了EDTA-GO和amine-GO,将其用于废水中重金属Ni(II)的去除。GO是基于Hummer’s方法直接将石墨氧化获得。EDTA-GO和amine-GO是经过硅烷化处理制备,合成过程简单,条件温和。文章中还将其吸附能力与活性炭、GO进行比较,实验证明,EDTA-GO和amine-GO有更好的吸附能力,主要是因为EDTA-GO和amine-GO表面官能团可以与Ni(II)螯合。还开展了EDTA-GO和amine-GO对Ni(II)的解吸实验,证明EDTA-GO和amine-GO经过盐酸处理,可以有效的实现Ni(II)的解吸。综上,EDTA-GO和amine-GO有较好的吸附-解吸能力,可以再循环利用。(2)二硫化钨纳米片是一类二维平面结构的材料,有吸附单链DNA和荧光猝灭的能力,可以用来构建荧光器用于生物分子的检测。基于此,设计了二硫化钨与标有FAM荧光团的前列腺抗原Aptamer构成的传感器,用于PSA的检测,检测的线性范围0-50 ng/m L,检测限0.04 ng/m L。(3)本实验通过水热法合成Fe3O4纳米磁珠作为载体,利用多巴胺(PDA)易在固体材料表面自发聚合的特性,在Fe3O4形成聚多巴胺薄膜,得到一种核壳型的四氧化三铁聚多巴胺纳米粒子(Fe3O4@PDA)。利用聚多巴胺同时作为还原剂和偶联剂,将金纳米颗粒直接从氯金酸溶液中还原出来,负载在纳米球的表面,得到金纳米催化剂(Fe3O4@PDA-Au)。进一步,酸洗掉Fe3O4,得到多巴胺-纳米金空壳纳米球(PDA-Au)。沉积了金的纳米催化剂在对硝基苯酚进行还原时显示出了高度的催化活性。
[Abstract]:Nanomaterials have been applied in many new fields because of their special chemical and physical properties, such as biosensor, clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, sewage treatment and so on. There are many kinds of nanomaterials. Some are easy to modify and modify, some can combine bioactive molecules, others can be used for anti-cancer drug delivery, based on the diversity of nanomaterials, multi-functional. In this paper, the unique properties of nanomaterials are used in the detection of environmental, catalytic and tumor markers. The job is as follows: 1) synthesizing EDTA-GO and amine-GO. It was used for heavy metal Ni2 in wastewater. The removal of .go is based on the direct oxidation of graphite by Hummer's. EDTA-GO and amine-GO are prepared by silanization. The synthesis process is simple and the conditions are mild. In this paper, the adsorptive capacity of EDTA-GO and amine-GO is compared with that of activated carbon (GGO), and it is proved that EDTA-GO and amine-GO have better adsorption ability. This is mainly due to the fact that the surface functional groups of EDTA-GO and amine-GO can chelate with nio II. EDTA-GO and amine-GO pairs of nio II are also carried out. The desorption experiment. It is proved that EDTA-GO and amine-GO can be desorbed effectively by hydrochloric acid treatment. EDTA-GO and amine-GO have good adsorption-desorption ability and can be recycled. Tungsten disulfide nanocrystals are a kind of two-dimensional planar structure materials. It has the ability of adsorbing single-stranded DNA and fluorescence quenching, which can be used to construct fluorescence apparatus for the detection of biomolecules. A sensor composed of tungsten disulfide and prostatic antigen Aptamer labeled with FAM fluorescent group was designed. The sensor was used for the detection of PSA. The linear range of detection was 0-50 ng/m / L. The detection limit was 0.04 ng/m / L ~ (3)) in this experiment, Fe3O4 nanomagnetic beads were synthesized by hydrothermal method as the carrier, and the spontaneous polymerization of Fe3O4 on the surface of solid materials was achieved by using dopamine. A core-shell poly (dopamine tetraoxide) nanoparticles (Fe3O4Fe3O4PDA-PDAA) were obtained by forming polydopamine films at Fe3O4. The polydopamine was used as both a reductant and a coupling agent. Gold nanoparticles were reduced directly from chlorgold acid solution and loaded on the surface of the nanospheres to obtain gold nanoparticles catalyst Fe _ 3O _ 4 @ PDA-Au-O. Furthermore, Fe3O4 was washed out by acid. The dopamine-nano-gold shell nanospheres PDA-Auhl were obtained. The gold deposited nanocatalysts showed high catalytic activity in the reduction of nitrophenol.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ127.11;TB383.1

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