锦纶纤维表面络合改性研究以及在橡胶中的应用

发布时间：2018-01-23 22:10

本文关键词： 锦纶纤维络合作用环氧树脂天然橡胶　出处：《贵州大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：锦纶纤维具有优良的热稳定性、力学性能、耐磨损性及耐化学腐蚀性,在服装、家纺、橡胶制品、绳索等产业领域应用广泛。但是锦纶纤维在增强聚合物材料时,具有高结晶的锦纶纤维度致使其表面光滑、化学活性低,这导致锦纶纤维与聚合物基体的界面粘接性能差,因此锦纶纤维增强聚合物材料时需要对其进行表面改性来提高锦纶纤维与聚合物基体的界面粘接性能。本文采用一种新型的改性方法对锦纶纤维表面进行处理。(1)采用CaCl_2对锦纶纤维进行表面改性,为确定溶液处理的溶剂,研究了不同溶剂的CaCl_2溶液处理锦纶纤维的效果,通过SEM观察对比了水和乙醇作为溶剂的处理效果,发现络合改性处理时现乙醇作为溶剂比水效果要好。(2)通过傅里叶红外(FTIR)锦纶纤维表面的元素组成和基团变化,研究了CaCl_2在锦纶纤维改性过程中反应机理;通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了改性前后锦纶纤维的表面形貌的变化;通过X-射线衍射来研究锦纶纤维晶型和结晶度的变化。发现CaCl_2可以和锦纶纤维分子链中的羰基发生络合反应,破坏了锦纶纤维分子链间的氢键,改性后的锦纶纤维表面化学组成发生改变,络合作用能够破坏锦纶纤维分子链的规整性,进而破坏锦纶纤维的结晶区域,降低锦纶纤维的结晶度,从而对锦纶纤维表面进行刻蚀,使锦纶纤维表面形成沟槽,表面粗糙度增大。(3)通过层间剪切强度和断面SEM形貌,研究了锦纶纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的界面粘接性能的变化,并寻找最佳处理条件。研究发现对于锦纶66CaCl_2乙醇溶液,浓度为5 wt%时处理效果最好,对于锦纶6CaCl_2乙醇溶液,浓度为3 wt%时处理效果最好,锦纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的ILSS提升最大。(4)研究了纤维表面改性后与橡胶基体的界面粘接强度,发现络合处理在锦纶纤维表面产生的沟槽可以增加了锦纶纤维的比表面积,这增大了锦纶纤维与橡胶基体的结合面积以及机械螯合力。对于处理后的锦纶66纤维/天然橡胶复合材料的拉伸强度和300%定伸都有提高,复合材料的撕裂性能最大提高了40%;对于处理后的锦纶6纤维/天然橡胶复合材料的拉伸强度和300%定伸也都有提高,复合材料的撕裂性能最大提高了7.2%,提升的幅度有限。
[Abstract]:Nylon fiber has excellent thermal stability, mechanical properties, wear resistance and chemical corrosion resistance, in clothing, home textile, rubber products. Rope and other industrial fields are widely used. However, when nylon fiber is reinforced with polymer materials, it has a high crystallinity of nylon fiber, which results in smooth surface and low chemical activity. This results in poor interfacial adhesion between nylon fiber and polymer matrix. Therefore, the surface modification of polyamide fiber reinforced polymer material is needed to improve the interfacial adhesion between polyamide fiber and polymer matrix. In this paper, a new modification method is used to treat the surface of nylon fiber. (. 1) the surface modification of nylon fiber was carried out by CaCl_2. In order to determine the solvent of solution treatment, the effect of CaCl_2 solution with different solvents on the treatment of nylon fiber was studied. The treatment effect of water and ethanol as solvent was observed and compared by SEM. It is found that the effect of ethanol as solvent is better than that of water in complexation modification treatment. The elemental composition and group changes of the surface of polyamide fiber by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The reaction mechanism of CaCl_2 in the modification of nylon fiber was studied. The surface morphology of nylon fiber before and after modification was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). The change of crystalline form and crystallinity of polyamide fiber was studied by X-ray diffraction. It was found that CaCl_2 could react with carbonyl group in the molecular chain of nylon fiber and destroy the hydrogen bond between the molecular chains of nylon fiber. The surface chemical composition of the modified nylon fiber is changed, the complexation can destroy the regularity of the molecular chain of the nylon fiber, and then destroy the crystalline region of the nylon fiber and reduce the crystallinity of the nylon fiber. As a result, the surface of nylon fiber was etched, the surface of nylon fiber formed grooves, and the surface roughness increased. 3) through interlaminar shear strength and cross section SEM morphology. The interfacial adhesion properties of polyamide fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites were studied and the optimum treatment conditions were found. When the concentration is 5 wt%, the treatment effect is the best, and for nylon 6CaCl2 ethanol solution, the treatment effect is the best when the concentration is 3wt%. The maximum ILSS lift of polyamide fiber / epoxy resin composite was studied. The interfacial bonding strength between the modified fiber and the rubber matrix was studied. It is found that the specific surface area of nylon fiber can be increased by the grooves produced by complexing treatment on the surface of nylon fiber. This increases the bonding area and mechanical chelating force of nylon fiber and rubber matrix. The tensile strength and 300% elongation of treated nylon 66 fiber / natural rubber composite are improved. The tear properties of the composites increased by 40%. The tensile strength and 300% elongation of the treated nylon 6 fiber / natural rubber composites were also improved. The tear properties of the composites were increased by 7.2 and the range of lifting was limited.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TQ342.1;TB332

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