疏水聚磷酸铵及耐水IFR-PP复合材料性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 20:38

  本文关键词： 聚磷酸铵 疏水改性 膨胀阻燃剂 耐水性能 阻燃性能　出处：《东北林业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：聚磷酸铵(APP)因其自身存在着极性大、吸湿性强、易水解及与聚合物相容性差等缺点,限制其广泛应用。本论文采用低表面能的硅树脂对APP进行表面改性,并将其与实验室自主研发的三嗪系成炭-发泡剂(CFA)进行复配,用于聚丙烯(PP)的阻燃改性并研究了材料的性能。本文首先以γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)对APP表面进行化学修饰,然后用预先水解后的正硅酸四乙酯在其表面发生原位聚合,最后用十七氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷进行外表面修饰,制备改性聚磷酸铵(MAPP-1)。通过静态接触角(WCA)表征了MAPP-1的润湿性能,其接触角达到了134°,表现出很好的疏水性能。将MAPP-1与CFA以质量比4：1进行复配得膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)并添加到PP中,制备阻燃PP (PP/MAPP-1/CFA)材料。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)和锥形量热(CONE)测试研究了材料的阻燃性能及燃烧行为,采用热重分析(TGA)技术研究了材料的的热降解行为,通过在70℃下水煮168h的耐水测试研究了阻燃PP材料的耐水性能,通过拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度的测试研究了材料的力学性能,通过扫描电镜(SEM)研究了阻燃剂与聚合物的相容性。结果表明：当IFR的添加量为23wt%时,1.6mm厚度的阻燃PP样条通过垂直燃烧V-O级测试,LOI值达30.8%；且经过耐水测试后,材料依然能通过垂直燃烧V-0级测试,且其质量损失率仅为0.92%。但在相同实验条件下,PP/APP/CFA体系经耐水测试后样条在垂直燃烧测试中无级别,且质量损失率达到了2.45%,表明APP的疏水改性大大提高了阻燃PP材料的耐水性能。TGA和CONE数据表明,APP的改性并没有改变材料的热降解行为,但降低了材料的热释放速率(HRR)和总热释放量(THR)降低。SEM及力学性能测试表明,APP的改性使得阻燃剂与聚合物的相容性得到提高,从而提高了材料的力学性能。由于上述的疏水改性体系中需要引入少量的水,使得APP部分水解。为了进一步提高APP的疏水性能,本论文同时以KH550对APP表面进行化学修饰,降低APP的表面极性,然后用低表面能硅树脂进行化学改性,制备改性聚磷酸铵(MAPP-2)。润湿性能测试表明,MAPP-2和IFR(由MAPP-2与CFA组成)的接触角分别为148°和144°,表现出更优异的疏水性能。将该IFR添加到PP中制备阻燃PP (PP/MAPP-2/CFA)材料,并对其性能进行了研究。测试结果表明：当IFR的添加量为22wt%时,1.6mm厚的阻燃PP样条通过垂直燃烧V-O级测试,LOI达到了31.7%,且经过耐水测试后,材料依然能通过V-O级,其质量损失率仅为0.85%,表明MAPP-2可以很好的提高材料的耐水性能。CONE和TGA结果表明,APP的改性不仅使阻燃PP的HRR和THR降低,而且使材料的热稳定增加。阻燃材料的表面及断口SEM和力学性能测试结果表明,IFR与PP的界面结合较好,从而提高了阻燃PP的耐水和力学性能。
[Abstract]:Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) has many disadvantages, such as high polarity, strong hygroscopicity, easy hydrolysis and poor compatibility with polymers. In this paper, low surface energy silicone resin was used to modify the surface of APP, and it was compounded with triazine system of carbon-forming foaming agent developed independently in laboratory. In this paper, the surface of APP was chemically modified with 纬 -aminopropyl triethoxy silane (KH _ 550). The surface of tetraethyl orthosilicate was polymerized in situ by pre-hydrolyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate, and the external surface was modified with 17 fluorodecyl triethoxy silane. The wettability of MAPP-1 was characterized by static contact angle, and the contact angle reached 134 掳. The intumescent flame retardant (IFR) was prepared from MAPP-1 and CFA at the mass ratio of 4: 1 and added to PP. The flame retarded PP / PP / MAPP-1 / CFAs were prepared by means of limiting oxygen index (loi). The flame retardancy and combustion behavior of the materials were studied by means of UL-94) and conical calorimetry. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique was used to study the thermal degradation behavior of the materials. The water resistance of flame retardant PP was studied by water resistance test at 70 鈩，

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