基于聚苯胺和废弃净水滤芯的炭材料制备及其超级电容性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 09:50

本文关键词： 聚苯胺氧化石墨废弃炭滤芯炭化活化超级电容器　出处：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了减少化石燃料消耗和温室气体排放,使用可再生能源的电力生产是实现可持续发展的一个重要方法。锂离子电池与超级电容器在新能源中具有很重要位置,它们能使能量存储与处理更加有效与便捷。相对于锂离子电池,超级电容器具有相对较高的功率密度。从电池材料方面来看,为了尽可能减少环境污染并提高材料工作效率,很多研究方向均关注在对环境更加无害并能高效利用的材料上,到目前为止,价格低廉的多孔炭材料是商业化最广泛的电极材料。研究者们对其进行了大量研究。在本论文中,首先从环保、对环境无害材料角度出发,在氧化石墨表面聚合生成具有一定形貌的聚苯胺,经冷冻干燥得到氧化石墨/聚苯胺(GO/PANI)复合材料,随之进行炭化,所得炭材料会保留之前聚苯胺骨架,从而具有一定形貌。通过表征观察复合材料形貌,同时制作成电极片并组装成超级电容器进行电化学性能测试。同时从循环利用废弃材料、保护环境资源角度出发,研究废弃材料——滤水器的废弃滤芯,看其是否具有作为超级电容器电极材料的能力,从而判断是否有必要重新回收并利用废弃滤水器滤芯。对废弃滤芯进行最简单烘干处理之后进行热处理,随之进行活化处理得最终材料。表征得到最终材料的最基本信息之后制作成超级电容器电极并测试其电化学性能。分析结果显示废弃滤芯活化后的材料具有可观的比电容,在电流密度为1A/g时比电容为122.8 F/g,同时具有相对稳定的循环特性。在硫酸钠体系中具有相对较高能量密度,达到32.9 Wh/kg,电化学性能表现优异。
[Abstract]:In order to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, the use of renewable energy to generate electricity is an important way to achieve sustainable development. Lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors play an important role in new energy sources. They make energy storage and processing more efficient and convenient. Compared with lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors have relatively high power density. In order to minimize environmental pollution and improve the efficiency of materials, many research directions have focused on more environmentally sound and efficient materials, so far. Low cost porous carbon is the most widely commercial electrode material. Researchers have done a lot of research on it. In this paper, first of all, from the point of view of environmental protection, environmentally sound materials. Polyaniline with certain morphology was formed by polymerization on the surface of graphite oxide, and then the graphite oxide / Polyaniline oxide / Polyaniline (PO / PANI) composite was prepared by freeze-drying, and then carbonized. The obtained carbon material will retain the pre-Polyaniline skeleton and thus have a certain morphology. The morphology of the composite is observed by characterization. At the same time, the electrode sheet was made and the supercapacitor was assembled to test the electrochemical performance. At the same time, the waste filter core of water filter was studied from the perspective of recycling waste materials and protecting environmental resources. See if it has the ability to act as electrode material for supercapacitor, so as to determine whether it is necessary to recycle and use the waste water filter element. The waste filter is treated with the simplest drying and heat treatment. The final material was obtained by activation treatment. After the basic information of the final material was obtained, the supercapacitor electrode was prepared and its electrochemical performance was tested. The analysis results show that the activated material of the waste filter core has considerable properties. Specific capacitance. When the current density is 1 / g, the specific capacitance is 122.8 F / g and has a relatively stable cycling property. It has a relatively high energy density of 32.9 Wh/kg in sodium sulfate system. Excellent electrochemical performance.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB332;TM53

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