纳米多孔二氧化硅光学功能薄膜的溶胶—凝胶法制备与性能研究

发布时间：2018-02-06 01:16

  本文关键词： 减反射薄膜 多孔二氧化硅 纳米空心球 表面改性 溶胶-凝胶法 模板法 乳液聚合 稳定性　出处：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在光学薄膜中减反射膜可以有效降低光在传播过程中的损耗,应用在太阳能电池中能有效提高电池系统能量利用效率。减反射膜是一层折射率介于空气和基板之间的光学薄膜,能减少或消除光学元件表面的反射光,从而增加透光量,在对光学薄膜的研究中占有重要地位。利用溶胶-凝胶法制备多孔光学减反射薄膜是当前该领域的研究热点,但是存在溶胶前驱体溶液稳定差和机械性能需要提高的关键问题。为此,本论文主要基于二氧化硅体系:结合模板法和溶胶凝胶法,利用嵌段共聚物F127和纳米空心微球的协同作用制备分级多孔减反射膜,解决薄膜机械性能差的关键问题;结合乳液聚合和溶胶凝胶法,引入纳米尺度的阳离子乳胶颗粒,以此为模板解决溶胶稳定性差的关键问题。同时,采用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外可见光谱(UV-VIS)和铅笔硬度计等手段研究总结了纳米二氧化硅空心球、溶胶前驱体和溶胶-凝胶薄膜的微观结构、光学减反射性能和机械性能的关联调控规律。研究表明,分级的多分散纳米二氧化硅多孔薄膜不仅具有良好的减反射效果(透过率 9 8 %),而且具有良好的机械性能(孔隙率为5 0 %时,铅笔硬度仍可达4H),此外,多分散纳米孔构成的分级多孔结构还同时具有对垂直入射和非垂直入射光的良好减反射效果,因此优于单分散均匀孔径薄膜的减反射效果。研究还表明,利用表面改性剂(苯基三甲氧硅烷(PhTES))的官能团(苯环)产生的位阻作用,可有效增强了溶胶稳定性(可稳定存在半年以上);进一步地,以不同粒径的阳离子聚合物纳米微球为模板,实现了在弱酸性条件下通过水/醇比控制正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)水解缩聚过程,无需改变酸/碱环境即可直接获得稳定性良好(可稳定存在半年以上)和分散性良好聚合物/二氧化硅核壳结构前驱体溶胶,应用于二氧化硅和氧化铝光学薄膜均能获得减反射效果优异的纳米多孔减反射膜。这为制备光学减反射薄膜提供了一种简单、可靠、工艺范围宽和产物综合性能好的溶胶-凝胶新方法,为一类太阳能电池溶胶-凝胶减反射薄膜的规模化生产提供了新的思路和途径。
[Abstract]:The antireflection film in optical thin film can effectively reduce the loss of light in the process of propagation. Application in solar cells can effectively improve the energy efficiency of the battery system. Antireflection film is an optical film with refractive index between air and substrate, which can reduce or eliminate the reflected light on the surface of optical elements. Therefore, increasing the amount of light transmission plays an important role in the study of optical thin films. The preparation of porous optical antireflection films by sol-gel method is a hot spot in this field. However, there are some key problems such as poor stability of sol-precursor solution and improvement of mechanical properties. Therefore, this paper is mainly based on silica system: combination template method and sol-gel method. The hierarchical porous antireflection films were prepared by the synergistic action of block copolymer F127 and nano-hollow microspheres to solve the key problem of poor mechanical properties of the films. Combined with emulsion polymerization and sol-gel method, nano-scale cationic latex particles were introduced as templates to solve the critical problem of poor sol stability. At the same time, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The microstructure of nano-silica hollow spheres, sol precursors and sol-gel films were summarized by UV-VIS and pencil hardness tester. The correlation regulation between optical antireflection and mechanical properties. The study shows that the graded polydisperse nano-silica porous film not only has good antireflection effect (transmittance 9.8). Moreover, it has good mechanical properties (when the porosity is 50%, the pencil hardness can still reach 4H, in addition. The multi-dispersed nano-porous structure also has good antireflection effect on both vertical incident and non-vertical incident light, so it is better than monodisperse uniform pore film. The study also shows that the anti-reflection effect is better than that of monodisperse homogeneous pore film. The steric resistance of the functional group (benzene ring) of the surface modifier (phenyl trimethoxysilane) can effectively enhance the stability of the sol. Furthermore, using cationic polymer nanoparticles with different diameters as templates, the hydrolysis and Polycondensation process of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was realized under the condition of weak acidity by controlling the ratio of water / alcohol to tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The precursor sol with good polymer / silica structure can be obtained directly without changing the acid / alkali environment (stable for more than half a year) and good dispersion of polymer / silica core-shell structure. Nano porous antireflection films with excellent antireflection effect can be obtained by using both silica and alumina optical thin films, which provides a simple and reliable method for the preparation of optical antireflection films. The new sol-gel method with wide process range and good comprehensive product properties provides a new way for the large-scale production of sol-gel antireflective thin films for a class of solar cells.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB383.2

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