纳米铜氧化物改性聚酯复合材料的制备及性能研究

发布时间：2018-02-06 06:03

本文关键词： 氧化亚铜复合粒子 PET 分散性抗菌性能热性能　出处：《浙江理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无机抗菌剂因其耐热性好、抗菌谱广、不产生耐药性、毒性低等优点已成为抗菌领域的研究热点。Ag离子杀灭和抑制病原体的能力最好，但其化学性质活泼，易变色或在紫外光催化条件下还原成黑色的单质银，不但影响了产品外在质量，而且影响了抗菌性能。铜氧化物的抗菌性仅次于银，但成本低，对人体毒性小。因此，铜氧化物与聚酯纤维复合后的抗菌材料已开始实际应用。氧化亚铜，二氧化钛，氧化锌等均有抗菌性，而且在纺丝的过程中二氧化钛可以改善原丝的性能，二氧化硅能使纤维有更好的可纺性和拉伸性能，含二氧化硅的丝的表面会出现凹槽，有利于染整工艺。所以与高分子材料复合可制备出抗菌性良好，价格便宜的聚酯纤维，有非常广阔的市场前景。本文首次用氧化亚铜跟二氧化钛、二氧化硅、氧化锌等复合制备无机抗菌剂，并以熔融共混的方式添加到聚酯(PET)中，制备复合抗菌材料。采用改性无机纳米粒子增强了无机粒子与PET的相容性，减小了无机粒子对纤维物理机械性能的影响。本论文的主要结论如下： 1.以抗坏血酸为还原剂，五水硫酸铜为铜源，在室温的条件下，制备氧化亚铜。在制备过程中按照一定的比例添加二氧化钛、二氧化硅、氧化锌制备了无机抗菌剂，利用FT-IR、SEM、XRD等手段表征氧化亚铜和纳米复合粒子的形貌和结构。在对无机粒子改性过程中，筛选出了合适的改性剂c。本实验还研究了改性剂用量、改性时间及搅拌速度对改性效果的影响，得出最佳的实验条件是改性剂用量为2%，高速机械搅拌下反应2h。 2.按照GB/T21510-2008《纳米无机材料抗菌性能检测方法》附录A粉末抗菌性能实验方法，研究了氧化亚铜和复合粒子对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌性。此外，当氧化亚铜及复合粒子的浓度在10μg/ml时，氧化亚铜对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠杆菌的抗菌性略优于复合粒子。 3.采用熔融共混的方法制备了纳米粒子改性聚酯的复合材料。通过偏光显微镜发现改性后的无机粒子在聚酯PET中的分散明显优于未改性的粒子。通过TGA研究了纳米复合材料的热降解动力学，聚酯中添加的氧化亚铜、二氧化钛和二氧化硅等无机粒子阻碍了聚酯分子链的运动，提高了其热稳定性。通过DSC研究了无机纳米粒子对PET热性能的影响，在二次升温的过程中无机纳米粒子的加入，出现了熔融双峰，Nealy等人认为这跟PET聚酯中同时存在的两种晶体形态：伸直链晶体和折叠链晶体有关；加入不同量的无机粒子时，复合材料的Tm基本不变。
[Abstract]:Inorganic antibacterial agent because of its good heat resistance, wide antibacterial spectrum, no resistance, low toxicity and has become a hot research topic in the field of.Ag ion to kill and inhibit the antibacterial ability of the pathogen to the best, but its active chemical properties, easy to change color or black color in the photocatalytic reduction under the condition of elemental silver not only affect the external quality the product, but also affects the antibacterial properties of antibacterial copper oxide. After silver, but the cost is low, low toxicity to the human body. Therefore, the antibacterial material of copper oxide and polyester fiber composite has been applied.
Cuprous oxide, titanium dioxide, Zinc Oxide has antibacterial properties, but also in the spinning process of titanium dioxide to improve the performance of raw silk, silica can make the fiber has better spinnability and tensile properties, the surface of silica containing silk will appear groove, is conducive to the dyeing and finishing process. So the polymer composite can be prepared by antibacterial good, cheap polyester fiber, has a very broad market prospects. This paper first uses the cuprous oxide with titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, Zinc Oxide and other composite preparation of inorganic antibacterial agent, and melt blending mode to add polyester (PET) in the preparation of composite antibacterial materials. The modified inorganic nanoparticles enhanced the compatibility of inorganic particles and PET, reduce the influence of inorganic particles on the mechanical properties of the fiber. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
1. with ascorbic acid as a reducing agent, five copper sulfate water as copper source, under the condition of room temperature, preparation of cuprous oxide. The silica in the preparation process according to a certain proportion, adding titanium dioxide, Zinc Oxide was prepared using inorganic antibacterial agent, FT-IR, SEM, XRD and other means to characterize the morphology and structure of cuprous oxide and oxygen the nano composite particles. The modified inorganic particles in the process of screening out the suitable modifier C. in the experiment the amount of modifier, modifying time and stirring speed on the modification effect, the optimal experimental condition is the amount of modifier was 2%, high speed mechanical stirring reaction 2h.
According to the 2. GB/T21510-2008< nano inorganic materials antibacterial testing methods > appendix A performance performance test method of antibacterial powder, the antibacterial property of cuprous oxide and composite particles on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In addition, when the concentration of cuprous oxide and composite particles in 10 g/ml, Cu2O on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli antimicrobial slightly better than the composite particles.
3. using the melt blending method system nanoparticles modified polyester composites were prepared by polarizing microscope. That dispersion is obviously better than that of modified inorganic particles when polyester PET in unmodified particles were investigated by TGA. The thermal degradation kinetics of nano composite materials, polyester added cuprous oxide, titanium dioxide and inorganic silica etc. the polyester particles impede the movement of molecular chain to improve its thermal stability by DSC. The effects of inorganic nanoparticles on the thermal performance of PET, adding inorganic nanoparticles in the process of two heating up, the melting of the Shuangfeng, Nealy et al. Think that with two kinds of crystal morphology of PET exist in the polyester: extended chain crystal and the chain folded crystal; adding inorganic particles of different composite materials, the Tm is basically the same.

【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ340.1;TB33

【参考文献】