碳纤维增强复合材料的电化学回收方法研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 22:33

本文关键词： CFRP CFRC 电化学回收催化剂温度　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic,CFRP)在航空航天、土木建筑、工业制造和体育用品等领域应用越来越广。碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cementitious composite,CFRC)在建筑加固与防护领域处于不断的研究应用阶段,未来有希望取代CFRP材料。巨大的碳纤维增强复合材料消费量,带来了严重的废弃物问题,亟需进行回收处理。国内外学者对回收碳纤维进行了研究开发,主要发展了三大回收体系:机械回收法、热分解回收法和化学溶剂回收法。这些回收方法存在的不足之处主要有回收碳纤维力学性能下降较大,回收条件苛刻等,例如数百摄氏度的温度、几兆帕到二十几兆帕的压强、高浓度的酸碱化学试剂等,阻碍了回收技术的应用发展。为了发展常压低温条件、操作简单,回收碳纤维性能优良的的回收方法,本论文选择电化学法对CFRP和CFRC进行回收研究。针对上述目的,本文设计、开展和完成了相关系列的研究,主要包括:1)电化学法回收CFRP的性能研究。首先在常温下进行电流与NaCl参数优化实验,选出较优参数,加入自行设计溶液A催化剂进行再次优化实验,在此基础上最后进行高温(T系列)回收实验。通过CFRP性能变化、碳纤维回收量、回收碳纤维力学性能和表面微观与化学结构,评估回收效果,探究回收规律。结果表明,施加大电流(≥62.5mA)未能回收到碳纤维,反而造成CFRP严重劣化;在较高NaCl浓度(≥x2)环境作用小电流,可以回收碳纤维。电流越小碳纤维除胶率和拉伸强度越高,提高NaCl浓度有利于碳纤维回收。催化剂A大幅提高了碳纤维回收量,加剧碳纤维表面氧化,降低回收拉伸强度。提高反应温度,加快环氧树脂的降解速度,增大碳纤维回收量,缩短回收周期,降低碳纤维的氧化程度,提高拉伸强度。最佳参数的碳纤维拉伸强度为89.83%(vsVCF),高于机械回收法,稍优于热分解法,低于化学溶剂法。2)电化学法回收CFRC的性能研究。基于CFRP回收研究,设置小电流和较高NaCl浓度参数,使用自行设计和研发的溶液B作为催化剂进行CFRC回收实验,再进行高温(T系列)回收实验。结果表明,催化剂B在回收中起到非常重要的影响,低浓度B环境下水泥基材料劣化不足;z3的浓度B环境下,碳纤维回收量最大,各项性能均较好;高浓度B环境造成碳纤维劣化严重,力学性能下降。电流和NaCl浓度参数对碳纤维性能的影响较小。提高温度加快回收速度,缩短了回收周期,提高碳纤维回收量和拉伸强度,温度越高,碳纤维表面氧化越严重。最佳参数的碳纤维拉伸强度达到89.58%(vsVCF)。
[Abstract]:Carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic, CFRP) in the field of aerospace, civil construction, industrial manufacturing and sports equipment used more and more widely. Carbon fiber reinforced cement composite (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cementitious composite, CFRC) in the research and application stage constantly and protection in the field of construction reinforcement, the future to replace the CFRP material. The carbon fiber reinforced composite materials of huge consumption, brought the waste of serious problems, the urgent need for recycling. The domestic and foreign scholars for the research and development of carbon fiber recycling, mainly developed three recycling system: mechanical recovery method, thermal recovery method and chemical method. Insufficient solvent recovery in the method of recovery of main mechanical properties of recycled carbon fibers decrease, recovery of harsh conditions, such as hundreds of degrees, to several MPa The pressure 20 MPa, high concentration of chemical reagents, application and development of recycling technology. In order to hinder the development of low temperature atmospheric conditions, simple operation, excellent performance of carbon fiber recycling recycling methods, recycling research of CFRP and CFRC in this paper. In this paper, the electrochemical method for the design of the above purpose, and carry out research. The related series completed mainly include: 1) study on the performance of electrochemical recovery of CFRP. Firstly, current and NaCl parameter optimization experiment at room temperature, choose optimum parameters, adding to design solution of A catalyst was again optimization experiments, on the basis of the high temperature (T) recovery experiment. Through the CFRP performance changes. Carbon fiber recycling, recycling of carbon fiber on mechanical properties and surface microstructure and chemical structure, evaluate the recovery effect of recovery law. The results show that the applied electric current (more than 62.5mA) failed to recover The carbon fiber, but caused CFRP serious deterioration; at higher concentration of NaCl (x2) environment, small current, can be recycled carbon fiber. The less current carbon fiber glue removing rate and tensile strength is high, increasing the concentration of NaCl is conducive to the recovery of carbon fiber. The catalyst A can greatly improve the carbon fiber recycling, intensified the surface oxidation of carbon fiber, reduce the recovery of tensile strength. Increasing the reaction temperature, accelerate the degradation rate of epoxy resin and carbon fiber increase recovery rate, shorten the recovery period, reduce the degree of oxidation of carbon fiber, improve the tensile strength of carbon fiber tensile. The optimal parameters of the strong degree of 89.83% (vsVCF), higher than the mechanical recovery method, a decomposition method superior thermal, chemical solvent method) of.2 is lower than the performance of electrochemical method for CFRC recovery. The recovery of CFRP based on set, low current and high NaCl concentration parameters, using the solution of the B designed and developed as a catalyst for CFRC recovery experiment, Then the high temperature (T) recovery experiments. The results showed that the catalyst B plays a very important influence on recovery, lack of low concentration of B under the environment of the degradation of cement based materials; concentration of B in the Z3 environment, the largest amount of carbon fiber recycling, the performance is good; the high concentration of B caused by carbon fiber degradation seriously, the mechanical properties decreased. The smaller current and the concentration of NaCl parameters on the performance of carbon fiber. Increasing the temperature to accelerate the rate of recovery, shorten the recovery cycle, improve the recovery rate of the carbon fiber and the tensile strength, the higher the temperature, the surface oxidation of carbon fibers more serious. The optimum parameters of carbon fiber tensile strength reached 89.58% (vsVCF).

【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ327.3;TB332

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