石墨烯增强聚合物复合材料制备及性能的研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 06:12

本文关键词： 聚乙烯醇聚酰亚胺石墨烯复合材料　出处：《东华理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：聚乙烯醇(PVA)具有较好的水溶性、成膜性、粘结性,应用广泛,主要涉及医药与食品、木材与建筑、造纸与印刷、农业与化工等。聚酰亚胺(PIs)具有优良的物理化学性质,如热稳定性和热氧化稳定性,优异的机械性能和介电性能,以及良好的化学和耐溶剂性,因此,聚酰亚胺被广泛用于微电子和航天工业。但是,随着高新科技的发展,普通的PVA和PIs材料已经不能满足高新科技产品性能的要求,因此对单一聚合物材料进行改性已成为高分子材料领域的一个研究热点。石墨烯是一种由sp2杂化碳原子组成的二维结构材料,由于其独特的纳米结构和优异的热、机械和电性能,这种独特的纳米结构在许多技术领域具有潜在的应用,如纳米复合材料、传感器、催化、电池和超级电容器。将石墨烯作为纳米高分子复合材料的增强填料,可以很好地改善单一高分子的性能,是制备高性能聚合物基复合材料的有效途径。氧化石墨烯(GO)纳米片由于含有丰富亲水性官能团,在聚乙烯醇基体中具有优异的分散性和相容性,通过纳米复合,成功的将GO纳米片成功接枝到到PVA中,并对复合材料the synthesis机械性能和增强机理进行了详细研究。结果表明:复合材料的拉伸强度和杨氏模量都比纯聚乙烯醇有了很大地提高。而且,PVA/GO的拉伸强度和杨氏模量都随着氧化石墨烯含量的增加而增加。含2 wt%氧化石墨烯的PVA/GO复合材料的拉伸强度增加了52.3%,从55.1增加到83.9MPa,弹性模量提高了94.2%。这是由于PVA与GO均匀分散和化学键合作用而导致复合材料性能得到有效增强。采用3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷功能化的氧化石墨烯(APTSi-GO)作为增强填料来制备高性能的聚酰亚胺基纳米复合材料。由于强的界面作用,APTSi-GO纳米片与聚合物基体表现出良好的分散性和相容性。通过原位聚合和热酰亚胺化,制得具有不同含量的功能化石墨烯纳米片(FGNS)的聚酰亚胺基纳米复合材料。与纯的PI相比,加入少量FGNS的复合材料的机械性能、热稳定性、导电率都得到了显著提高。当加入1.5 wt%FGNS时,复合材料的拉伸强度提高了79%,拉伸模量增加132%。1.5 wt%含量的FGNS/PI材料的电导率和热传导系数分别为2.6×10-3 S/m和0.321 W/m·K,这比纯PI的电导率和热传导系数分别高了约1010倍和两倍。此外,石墨烯的加入显著提高了玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性。这种方法的成功应用对发展多功能、高性能聚酰亚胺基复合材料提供了一个很好的理论基础。
[Abstract]:Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has good water solubility, film forming, bonding, wide application, mainly related to medicine and food, timber and construction, papermaking and printing, agriculture and chemical industry. The polyimide (PIs) has excellent physical and chemical properties, such as thermal stability and thermal oxidation stability, excellent mechanical properties and dielectric properties, and good chemical and solvent resistance, therefore, polyimide is widely used in microelectronics and aerospace industry. However, with the development of high technology, the ordinary PVA and PIs materials have been unable to meet the performance requirements of high-tech products, so the single polymer material modification has become a hot research topic in polymer in the field of materials. Graphene is composed of SP2 hybridized carbon atoms in two-dimensional structural materials, because of its unique nano structure and excellent thermal, mechanical and electrical properties, this kind of unique nano structure in many Has the potential applications of the technology field, such as nano composite materials, sensors, catalysis, batteries and super capacitors. The graphene as a reinforcing filler nano polymer composite materials, can greatly improve the performance of single polymer, is an effective way for the preparation of high performance polymer composites. The graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles the film contains rich hydrophilic functional groups in PVA matrix has excellent dispersibility and compatibility, the nano composite, the success of the GO nanosheets was successfully grafted to the PVA, and the the synthesis composite mechanical properties and strengthening mechanism were studied in detail. The results show that the tensile strength and modulus of composite materials the ratio of pure polyvinyl alcohol has been greatly improved. Moreover, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of PVA/GO increase with the graphene content of graphite oxide and graphene oxide containing 2 wt%. The tensile strength of PVA/GO composites increased by 52.3%, increased from 55.1 to 83.9MPa, the elastic modulus increased by 94.2%. which is the properties of composite materials are improved due to PVA and GO dispersed uniformly and the chemical binding. The graphene oxide 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized (APTSi-GO) as a reinforcing filler preparation of polyimide based nanocomposite materials with high performance. Due to the strong interfacial interaction with polymer matrix, APTSi-GO nanosheets exhibited good dispersibility and compatibility. By in situ polymerization and thermal imidization, functionalized graphene nanosheets were prepared with different content of polyimide (FGNS) nanocomposites compared with pure PI, the mechanical properties of the composite materials, adding a small amount of FGNS thermal stability, conductivity have been improved significantly. When adding 1.5 wt%FGNS, the tensile strength of the composite. High tensile modulus increased 79%, conductivity and thermal conductivity of 132%.1.5 wt% content of FGNS/PI materials were 2.6 * 10-3 S/m and 0.321 W/m K, the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of pure PI were higher by about 1010 times and two times. In addition, the addition of graphene significantly increased the glass transition temperature and thermal stability. This method successfully applied to the development of multi-function, provides a good theoretical basis for high performance polyimide composite material.

【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332

【共引文献】