高声阻橡胶复合材料及其在水下吸声领域的应用研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 13:24

本文关键词： 声学阻尼丁腈橡胶受阻酚AO-80 有机杂化氢键网络结构　出处：《北京化工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：橡胶因其独特的粘弹性而广泛用于阻尼减振和降噪吸声领域,近些年,用于水下吸声的声学阻尼橡胶材料受到国内外水声材料专家的广泛关注。本论文制备了丁腈橡胶(NBR)复合材料,研究了丙烯腈含量、增塑剂种类及用量及无机填料填充对复合材料的物理机械性能、动态机械性能、热性能和声学阻尼性能的影响,探究了有机杂化(氢键作用)和梯度层合技术对不同基体复合材料的声学阻尼性能的影响,并进行了工艺的放大试验,获得如下有意义的结果：(1)在103Hz～104Hz的频率范围内,NBR复合材料的储能模量(E’)值在1×108～7×108Pa之间、损耗因子(tanδ)在0.5～0.9之间,表现出较优异的声学阻尼性能;选择低丙烯腈含量的NBR基体以及添加增塑剂可使NBR复合材料获得较低的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和E’值：其中NBR中丙烯腈含量为18%、以DOP为增塑剂且用量为15份时,复合材料声学阻尼性能最佳。(2)滑石粉的填充可有效提高NBR、天然橡胶(NR)、丁苯橡胶(SBR)以及杂化材料在3-8kHz频段中的平均吸声系数以及相对较高频段的吸声系数,其原因在于填充导致的材料密度的增加影响了材料与水的声阻抗匹配；中空玻璃微珠(HGMs)作为多孔填料,可有效改善NBR复合材料的力学性能以及声频高于4.3kHz时的声学阻尼性能。(3)氢键网络结构赋予高丙烯腈含量(41%)的受阻酚(AO-80)/NBR杂化材料更优异的力学性能和阻尼性能,且AO-80用量为10份时体系中形成的微弱氢键网络结构能有效改善杂化材料的声学阻尼性能;但氢键网络结构对于低丙烯腈含量(18%)的AO-80/NBR杂化材料而言,只能提高其拉伸强度以及在4.5kHz以上的吸声系数；增大AO-80用量时,AO-80/混炼型聚氨酯(MPU)杂化材料的密度、硬度、拉伸强度、撕裂强度逐渐降低,Tg逐渐升高,并引起阻尼性能的骤变;其中AO-80用量为10份时,材料损耗峰峰值高达0.87,但该用量的AO-80并未给杂化材料声学阻尼性能带来积极影响。(4)以MPU作为声波的入射端、NBR作为反射端层合硫化得到的梯度层合材料具备较优异的声学阻尼性能；该梯度层合方法可有效改善不同丙烯腈含量NBR的声学阻尼性能。(5)探索并确定了NBR声学阻尼橡胶材料及抑振用受阻酚AO-80/NBR复合材料的中试放大制备工艺,每批次可加工混炼胶50公斤以上,其硫化胶及制品性能与初试产品性能一致。
[Abstract]:Because of its unique viscoelasticity, rubber is widely used in the field of damping, vibration and noise absorption. In recent years, Acoustic damping rubber materials used for underwater acoustic absorption have attracted wide attention of underwater acoustic materials experts at home and abroad. In this paper, nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites were prepared and the content of acrylonitrile was studied. The effects of plasticizer type and amount and inorganic filler filling on the physical and mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, thermal properties and acoustic damping properties of the composites, The effects of organic hybrid (hydrogen bond interaction) and gradient lamination on the acoustic damping properties of different matrix composites were investigated. The results are as follows: (1) the energy storage modulus of NBR composites is in the range of 1 脳 10 8 ~ 7 脳 10 ~ 8 Pa and the loss factor tan 未 is 0. 5 ~ 0. 9 in the frequency range of 103 Hz / 104Hz, showing excellent acoustical damping properties. Choosing NBR matrix with low acrylonitrile content and adding plasticizer can get lower glass transition temperature (TG) and E 'value of NBR composite. The content of acrylonitrile in NBR is 18wt%, and when DOP is used as plasticizer and dosage is 15 phr, the content of acrylonitrile in NBR is 18phr. The filling of talc powder can effectively improve the average sound absorption coefficient of NBR, NRX, SBR) and hybrid materials in 3-8 kHz frequency range, and the sound absorption coefficient in relatively high frequency range. The reason is that the increase in the density of the material caused by the filling affects the acoustic impedance matching between the material and the water, and the hollow glass bead HGMs is used as the porous filler. The mechanical properties of NBR composites and the acoustic damping properties of AO-80 / NBR hybrid materials with high acrylonitrile content are improved effectively. The hydrogen bond network structure gives the hindered phenol-80 / NBR hybrid materials with high acrylonitrile content more excellent mechanical properties and damping properties. The weak hydrogen bond network structure formed in 10 phr AO-80 system can effectively improve the acoustic damping property of hybrid materials, but the hydrogen bond network structure can be used for AO-80/NBR hybrid materials with low acrylonitrile content of 18 phr. The tensile strength and sound absorption coefficient above 4.5kHz can only be increased, and the density, hardness, tensile strength and tear strength of AO-80 / mixed pu / MPU) hybrid material are increased when the amount of AO-80 is increased, and the damping property of the hybrid material increases gradually. When the dosage of AO-80 is 10 phr, The peak value of material loss is as high as 0.87, but the amount of AO-80 does not have a positive effect on the acoustic damping properties of hybrid materials. The acoustical damping property of; The gradient lamination method can effectively improve the acrylonitrile content of NBR acoustic damping performance. 5) explore and determine the NBR acoustic damping rubber materials and vibration suppression of hindered phenol AO-80/NBR composites pilot-scale preparation process. The properties of vulcanizate and its products are the same as those of the first test product.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB33

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