纳米银阵列结构的制备及其性能研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 01:47

本文关键词： 纳米银结构化学沉积可控超疏水性拉曼增强　出处：《上海交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于金属纳米阵列在材料结构方面的特殊性,与普通金属材料相比具有很多特殊的性能,例如超疏水特性和拉曼增强(SERS)特性等。影响纳米阵列材料性能的主要因素包括纳米结构的尺寸、形状以及间距大小等,因此研究开发具有独特结构的纳米材料不仅是深入了解纳米世界的途径,也是促进纳米科技发展的重点。近年来,科学家们采用不同的方法已经成功地制备出多种纳米银阵列结构,然而现有方法存在着制备成本高、工艺繁琐的不足,所获得的纳米银阵列结构也存在着很大的局限性。因此,积极寻找低成本、高效率的制备方法,系统研究不同结构的新型纳米银阵列材料对于进一步揭示纳米银阵列结构的功能特性,尽早实现产业化应用有重要的价值。鉴于以上情况,本文提出并探讨了一种利用化学沉积原理在铜基底表面制备不同纳米银阵列结构的新方法。同时,较系统地研究了纳米银阵列结构的超疏水性能和拉曼增强效果,通过研究不同结构与其性能的关系探讨了不同结构对其性能影响的内在机制。本文的具体内容及主要结论如下。1.以硝酸银为主盐,并通过在电解液中引入环保型还原剂,获得了一种可以得到优化的微米球-纳米银片分级结构(MN型纳米银材料)的制备方法。同时,通过改变电解液体系,进一步制得了两种特殊的分级结构:纳米突起直径为200 nm的仿荷叶结构以及突起直径为50 nm左右的仿花瓣结构。结合XRD、TEM等微结构分析手段,合理阐明了该结构的形成机理。2.采用十六硫醇对不同纳米银表面进行化学修饰的方法,研究了不同纳米结构银表面的超疏水特性,分析了纳米结构对超疏水性能的影响。通过不同的表面处理方法调控MN型纳米银结构表面成分,获得粘附性能在低粘附和高粘附之间转换的可控超疏水样品表面,并实现了运输微流体的功能。3.通过优化实验条件,制得具有优异超疏水性能的仿荷叶结构,其接触角高达166.5°,滚动角低至1°,有着良好的自清洁性能。然而,仿花瓣结构却呈现高粘附超疏水特性。通过比较研究不同分级纳米结构的超疏水性能,深入探讨了超疏水材料的表面接触机理。4.以R6G,4-Mpy为探针分子,通过比较获得了具有较优拉曼增强效果的MN型纳米银结构,并阐明了其电磁场增强机理。本文创新性的将超疏水性能应用于拉曼增强材料,得到分子聚集型SERS基底,表面增强因子提高到1.2×1010。并通过实验证明该分子聚集型SERS基底有着高重现性、循环使用的优点,是较理想的SERS基底。
[Abstract]:Because of the particularity of metal nanoarrays in material structure, they have many special properties compared with ordinary metal materials. For example, superhydrophobic properties and Raman enhanced SERS properties. The main factors affecting the properties of nanoscale arrays include the size, shape and spacing of nanostructures, etc. Therefore, the research and development of nanomaterials with unique structures is not only a way to gain an in-depth understanding of the nanoworld, but also a key point in promoting the development of nanotechnology. Scientists have successfully prepared a variety of nanocrystalline silver arrays by using different methods. However, the existing methods have many disadvantages such as high cost and cumbersome technology, and the obtained nanoscale silver arrays have great limitations. Actively looking for low cost and high efficiency preparation methods, systematically studying the functional characteristics of new nano-silver array materials with different structures for further revealing the structure of nano-silver arrays. It is of great value to realize the industrial application as soon as possible. In view of the above situation, a new method of preparing different nano-silver arrays on the surface of copper substrate by chemical deposition principle is proposed and discussed in this paper. The superhydrophobic properties and Raman enhancement effects of silver nanoarrays have been studied systematically. The internal mechanism of the influence of different structures on its properties is discussed by studying the relationship between different structures and its properties. The concrete contents and main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. Silver nitrate is the main salt, and environmental protection reductant is introduced into the electrolyte. In this paper, we have obtained an optimized method for preparing microspheres and silver nanoparticles with graded structure (MN). At the same time, by changing the electrolyte system, Furthermore, two kinds of special hierarchical structures were obtained: the structure of lotus leaf with the diameter of 200 nm and the petal structure of about 50 nm with the diameter of the nano-protrusions, and the microstructural analysis methods such as XRD- TEM, etc. 2. The superhydrophobic properties of silver surfaces with different nanostructures were studied by means of chemical modification with 16 mercaptan. The effects of nanostructures on superhydrophobic properties were analyzed. The surface composition of MN-type silver nanostructures was regulated by different surface treatment methods, and the controllable superhydrophobic samples with low adhesion and high adhesion were obtained. By optimizing the experimental conditions, the structure of lotus leaf with excellent superhydrophobicity is obtained. The contact angle is 166.5 掳, the rolling angle is as low as 1 掳, and the self-cleaning performance is good. The surface contact mechanism of superhydrophobic materials was studied by comparing the superhydrophobicity of different graded nanostructures. R6Gn4-Mpy was used as probe molecule. The structure of MN type nano-silver with better Raman enhancement effect was obtained, and the mechanism of electromagnetic field enhancement was elucidated. In this paper, the superhydrophobicity was applied to the Raman enhancement material, and the molecular aggregate SERS substrate was obtained. The surface enhancement factor is increased to 1.2 脳 10 ~ (10). The experimental results show that the molecular aggregate SERS substrate has the advantages of high reproducibility and recycling, and is an ideal SERS substrate.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;O614.122

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