石墨烯复合吸油与分离功能材料

发布时间：2018-02-22 17:43

本文关键词： 石墨烯疏水亲油吸附组件连续油水分离　出处：《天津工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：石墨烯(Graphene)是一种单原子厚度的二维碳纳米材料,具有优良的力学、电学、热学性能以及疏水亲油特性。本文围绕石墨烯疏水亲油特性,将石墨烯与不同基质复合,制备出一系列石墨烯复合吸油与分离功能材料。首先,以棉布为基体,通过非溶剂扩散法和冻干法将聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯(PBMA)与石墨烯负载于棉纤维表面,制备出可用于油水分离的PBMA/石墨烯复合吸油材料(Ge-PCt),对其微观形貌、疏水亲油性及力学性能等进行表征。结果表明,Ge-PCt具有疏水超亲油特性,对纯水和煤油的接触角分别为128.9°和0°;相较于棉布,Ge-PCt的断裂强度与断裂伸长均有所减小;将Ge-PCt置于自制的油水分试验装置中,加入油水混合物,可实现对油水体系的连续分离。其次,以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为成膜聚合物,石墨烯(Ge)、疏水二氧化硅为添加剂、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)为成孔剂、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂调制铸膜液,采用涂覆法与NIPS法在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯-聚酰胺(PET-PA)无纺布表面构筑分离层,制备了无纺布增强型PVDF/石墨烯复合吸油膜(NR-PGM),分析并讨论了其形貌、疏水亲油性及力学性能等。结果表明,NR-PGM具有疏水超亲油特性,对水和煤油的接触角分别为95.4°和0°,纯水渗透压可达0.14MPa,对煤油通量可达118.22L/m2h。随铸膜液中PVDF浓度增大,吸油膜的厚度、纯水渗透压逐渐增大,对煤油通量逐渐减小。将吸油膜绕制于多孔中空管,制得吸油膜中空管(OM-T),并将其与管路及悬浮装置连接,制得吸油膜中空管组件(OM-U)。OM-T与OM-U可以在负压驱动下对油水混合物进行连续分离,且分离效率分别可达97.6%与95.1%,十次循环使用后,分离效率仍保持在95%与90%以上。最后,采用浸渍法将石墨烯负载于聚氨酯海绵骨架表面,并通过浸渍聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)来增加石墨烯与聚氨酯海绵间的结合牢度,制备了石墨烯基聚氨酯吸油海绵(P-GPU),分析并讨论了其形貌、疏水亲油性及吸油性能等。结果表明P-GPU具有疏水超亲油特性,其静态水接触角可达140.3°,对不同油品有着良好吸附性能。将P-GPU卷绕于多孔中空管上并密封,制得了石墨烯基聚氨酯海绵吸油管(P-GPU-T),将其与管路及悬浮装置连接,制得石墨烯基聚氨酯海绵吸油管组件(P-GPU-U)。P-GPU-T与P-GPU-U可实现对油水体系动态-连续吸附与分离,且分离效率分别可达96.6%与96.4%,十次循环使用后,分离效率仍可达94%与93%以上。
[Abstract]:Graphene (Graphene) is a kind of two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials with the thickness of one atom. It has excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal and hydrophobic and oil-hydrophobic properties. In this paper, graphene is combined with different substrates around the hydrophobic and oil-lipophilic properties of graphene. A series of graphene composite oil-absorbing and separating materials were prepared. Firstly, the surface of cotton fiber was loaded with polybutyl methacrylate (PBMA) and graphene by non-solvent diffusion method and freeze-drying method. PBMA / graphene composite oil-absorbent material was prepared for oil-water separation, and its microscopic morphology, hydrophobicity and mechanical properties were characterized. The results show that Ge-PCt has hydrophobic and super oil-lipophilic properties. The contact angles for pure water and kerosene are 128.9 掳and 0 掳respectively, the fracture strength and breaking elongation of Ge-PCt are decreased compared with that of cotton cloth, and the Ge-PCt is placed in a self-made oil moisture test device, and the mixture of oil and water is added. Secondly, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used as film forming polymer, graphene was used as additive, hydrophobic silica was used as additive, dioctyl phthalate (DOP) was used as pore forming agent, and dimethyl acetamide dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) was used as solvent to modulate the cast film solution, and the film was prepared by using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as film forming polymer, hydrophobic silica as additive, and dioctyl phthalate as pore forming agent. A separation layer was constructed on the surface of poly (ethylene terephthalate) -polyamide (PET-PA) nonwoven fabric by coating method and NIPS method. The enhanced PVDF / graphene composite oil absorbent film was prepared, and its morphology was analyzed and discussed. The results show that NR-PGM has hydrophobic and over-oil hydrophobic properties, the contact angles for water and kerosene are 95.4 掳and 0 掳, the osmotic pressure of pure water is 0.14 MPA, and the flux for kerosene is 118.22 Lm2h. the thickness of oil absorbent film increases with the increase of PVDF concentration in cast film. The permeation pressure of pure water increases gradually and the flux of kerosene decreases gradually. The oil-absorbing membrane is wound in a porous hollow tube to produce an oil-absorbing membrane hollow tube, which is connected with the pipeline and the suspension device. The vacuum tube assembly (OM-UU. OM-T) and OM-U can continuously separate the oil-water mixture under negative pressure, and the separation efficiency can reach 97.6% and 95.1, respectively. After ten cycles, the separation efficiency is still above 95% and 90%. Graphene was loaded on the surface of polyurethane sponge by impregnation method, and the bonding fastness between graphene and polyurethane sponge was improved by impregnating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Graphene polyurethane oil absorbent sponge P-GPU was prepared, and its morphology, hydrophobicity and oil absorption property were analyzed and discussed. The results show that P-GPU has hydrophobic and super oil-lipophilic properties. Its static water contact angle can reach 140.3 掳, and it has good adsorption performance for different oil products. The P-GPU is wound on the porous hollow tube and sealed, and the graphene based polyurethane sponge oil absorption pipe is prepared, which is connected with the pipeline and suspension device. The graphene polyurethane sponge absorbent tubing assembly P-GPU-U, P-GPU-T and P-GPU-U can realize dynamic and continuous adsorption and separation of oil-water system, and the separation efficiency can reach 96.6% and 96.4, respectively. After ten cycles, the separation efficiency is still over 94% and 93%.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ127.11;TB34

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