银颗粒的生长控制及其在化学镀铜中的应用

发布时间：2018-02-28 06:40

本文关键词： 纳米银模板法 CTAB 乙酸银催化化学镀铜　出处：《电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为21世纪新兴的功能材料,纳米银材料具有表面活性强、比表面积大、形貌多变而且制备方法简单等特点,广泛应用于光学显示材料、低温超导材料、医用抗菌抑菌材料、催化材料、生物传感器材料和电子浆料等的制作。因此,关于纳米银的制备技术、性能研究以及应用方面的探索越来越受到广大研究人员的关注。模板法是制备纳米银材料的重要方法,它能使银粒子在模板的约束下进行生长,从而精确控制纳米银的形貌、尺寸和生长方向等。因此,模板法具有制备过程操作简单、易于控制,能有效避免银粒子的团聚现象发生等优点。本研究采用模板法,选择阳离子表面活性剂为结构模板,利用葡萄糖对前驱体溶液进行还原制备纳米银。主要研究内容如下:(1)以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为结构模板,银氨溶液为前驱体,通过控制反应物中各物质的含量,得到了线状以及颗粒状的纳米银。实验结果表明,当CTAB与Ag(NH3)2+摩尔浓度比小于1.2时,纳米银主要为线状结构;摩尔浓度比大于1.2时,纳米银主要为颗粒状结构。其中,CTAB利用其结构导向性决定着纳米银的形貌以及尺寸,而前驱体和还原剂也通过改变反应速率影响着纳米银的形貌和尺寸。(2)以银氨溶液为前驱体,在CTAB的基础上研究了结构模板中烷基链的长度和溴替换为其他卤素离子时对纳米银形貌和尺寸的影响。实验结果表明:①烷基链越长,反应溶液越稳定,对纳米银生长方向的约束力越强,得到的产物平均粒径越小,结晶度越高。②卤素离子对纳米银的尺寸具有较强影响,采用阴离子为Cl-的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)为模板剂时,得到粒径分布在40~80nm颗粒状纳米银,平均粒径由Br-时的74.4 nm减小为56.7 nm。(3)以CTAB为模板剂,以乙酸银为前躯体制备纳米银。得到的实验结果为:乙酸银作为前驱体时反应速度较银氨溶液体系更慢,但是得到银纳米线含量更高,粒径分布均匀。此外,针对纳米银在催化领域的应用,文中提出一种能对非金属基材进行活化,从而实现化学镀铜的含银环氧树脂溶液。通过红外光谱测试、热失重分析、拉力测试等,分析了该树脂的各种化学和物理特性,并通过电子显微镜、金相显微镜观察进行化学镀铜前后的表面形貌,得到化学镀铜层由不同粒子状的铜堆积而成,光亮性较好。
[Abstract]:In 21th century, as a new functional material, the nano-silver material has the characteristics of strong surface activity, large specific surface area, changeable morphology and simple preparation method. It is widely used in optical display materials, low-temperature superconducting materials, medical antibacterial and bacteriostatic materials. Preparation of catalytic materials, biosensor materials and electronic pastes, etc., therefore, with regard to the preparation of nanocrystalline silver, The research on properties and applications has attracted more and more attention of researchers. Template method is an important method for preparing nano-silver materials. It can make silver particles grow under the constraints of templates, thus accurately controlling the morphology of silver nanoparticles. Therefore, the template method has the advantages of simple operation, easy control, and can effectively avoid the agglomeration of silver particles. In this study, cationic surfactants were selected as structural templates. Nanocrystalline silver was prepared by reducing the precursor solution with glucose. The main contents of the study were as follows: (1) CTAB) was used as the structure template, and the silver ammonia solution was used as the precursor to control the content of each substance in the reactant. The experimental results show that when the molar ratio of CTAB to Ag(NH3)2 is less than 1. 2, the silver nanocrystalline structure is mainly linear, and when the molar ratio of CTAB to Ag(NH3)2 is greater than 1. 2, The morphology and size of silver nanoparticles are determined by the structure orientation of CTAB, and the morphology and size of silver nanoparticles are influenced by the precursor and reductant by changing the reaction rate. The effects of the length of alkyl chain in the structure template and the substitution of bromine with other halogen ions on the morphology and size of silver nanoparticles were studied on the basis of CTAB. The experimental results show that the longer the alkyl chain is, the more stable the reaction solution is. The stronger the binding force on the growth direction of nano-silver is, the smaller the average particle size of the product is, and the higher the crystallinity of the product is, the higher the crystallinity of the product is, and the higher the crystallinity of the product is, the stronger the effect of halogen ion on the size of nano-silver is. When the anionic cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC-) is used as the template, The particle size distribution of silver nanoparticles at 40 ~ 80nm was obtained, and the average particle size decreased from 74.4 nm to 56.7 nm 路m ~ (-3). CTAB was used as template. Silver nanoparticles were prepared with silver acetate as precursor. The experimental results showed that the reaction rate of silver acetate as precursor was slower than that of silver ammonia solution system, but the silver nanowires were higher in content and uniform in particle size distribution. In view of the application of nano-silver in the field of catalysis, a silver containing epoxy resin solution with electroless copper plating was proposed, which can activate the non-metallic substrate, and was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile test, etc. The chemical and physical properties of the resin were analyzed, and the surface morphology before and after electroless copper plating was observed by electron microscope and metallographic microscope.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;O614.122

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