新型葡萄糖比色传感器的构筑和金纳米粒子暗场散射的初探索

发布时间：2018-03-02 18:14

本文选题：比色传感器　切入点：葡萄糖检测　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现阶段,DNA技术已经扩展应用到各个领域,以DNA为手段自组装合成的纳米智能材料在化学生物领域有着广泛的应用,尤其是作为比色计传感在生物检测方面的应用十分引人注目。另外关于单个贵金属纳米粒子的暗场散射直以来都是科学家们感兴趣并努力探索的方向。利用该技术,可以为我们观测化学反应,实时光学传感,生物成像方面提供了一个更直观的良好平台。未来,我们希望单个粒子的散射可以应用到体内或体外实时监测等方面。而在明场模式下,观测微纳马达(纳米器械借助外界驱动力运动)的运动行为对我们高效、有效控制运动轨迹有着实验基础意义。未来,微纳马达将在分子检测、蛋白质运载、核酸识别、癌细胞的捕捉、药物的定向运载和释放、有害环境污染处理等方面展示它十分重要的功能意义。本论文的相关工作就是围绕上述几点来进行的：1.近来,关于建构新型纳米材料用于检测葡萄糖浓度又有了新的突破,即基于合成稳定纳米银颗粒的比色方法。银纳米粒子较金纳米粒子和其它金属粒子有更高的摩尔吸光系数,可以呈现出褐色到黄色的明显的肉眼可观颜色。该类比色计的检测原理就是依赖于葡萄糖和葡萄糖氧化酶催化作用产生的过氧化氢来氧化刻蚀银,从而使得黄色慢慢退去来实现比色检测葡萄糖或过氧化氢的。该方法中用到的银纳米粒子较之前的模拟天然过氧化物的纳米材料有很好的光学性质,相对高的稳定性且具有更高的经济效益。而关于如何合成稳定性好、分散性良好的银纳米材料一直是一个需要克服的难题。尽管科学家们在合成银纳米粒子工作上做了很多尝试,但是仍存在不同程度的问题,包括粒子的高度分散性,尺寸可控,光谱可调节等性质。幸运的是,DNA功能化技术和种子辅助沉积技术为我们制备具有相同光学性质的银纳米材料提供了另一种思路。在本课题组之前的工作中,成功合成出了DNA包裹的金银核壳纳米结构(Au@DNA@AgNPs)。由于金核的存在可以更方便我们制备出尺寸可控,粒径均一的纳米结构。另外,由于Au核上修饰的大量DNA分子,使得合成的纳米粒子表面带上了大量负电荷从而增强了粒子间的库伦排斥作用,更加利于稳定纳米粒子。利用该结构我们成功构筑了用于检测葡萄糖的新型比色传感器,并实现了胎牛血清中葡萄糖的检测。2.光学显微镜技术的不断进步为我们观测粒子行为提供了一个更加广阔的舞台。金纳米粒子作为贵金属纳米材料的代表,具有强吸收和强散射的光学特性。一般情况下,粒径越大的颗粒,光散射越强,将光转化成热或其他能量的概率越小。关于单个粒子的暗场散射观测一直是科研人员关注却涉足较少的一个领域。所以在这方面的探索是一项很有意义的工作。这里我们选择合成直径大于40 nm的金纳米粒子并用于观测暗场(dark field microspectroscopy, DFM)中的光散射情况,并拓展到金纳米粒子修饰互补DNA链后杂交行为的初步探索。另一方面,由于纳米技术日益受到人们的关注,尤其是关注的热点之一以微纳马达为代表的微型驱动机器。微纳马达发展至今,已经取得了很多重大的突破,但是在效率、功能、寿命以及环境应用方面还有很多不足。而适用于大量制造的微纳马达制备方法尚处在研究阶段。关于其如何更好地应用环境中的能量,实现微纳马达的自驱动,以及有效控制运动方向上也处于实验阶段。在我们实验阶段我们参考文献选择MnO2和过氧化氢体系,在明场模式下(bright filed microspectroscopy, BFM)进行气体推进型微纳马达运动行为的初步观测。
[Abstract]:At present, DNA technology has been extended to various fields, taking DNA as a means of self assembled nano intelligent synthetic materials in chemical and biological fields have a wide range of applications, especially applications as colorimetric sensing in biological detection is very compelling. In addition a single dark field light scattering of noble metal nanoparticles have long been the scientists interest and efforts to explore the direction. Using this technology, we can observe the chemical reaction, real-time optical sensing, provides a good platform for more intuitive biological imaging. In the future, we hope that the scattering of individual particles can be applied to the aspects of in vivo or in vitro real-time monitoring and so on. And in the bright field mode, micro observation nano motor (nano devices with the external driving force of the movement movement) behavior to our efficient, effective control of motion trajectory is the experimental basis. The future will be reached in the micro Nama Sub carrier protein, nucleic acid detection, identification, cell capture, drug delivery and directional release, demonstrating its functional significance of an important aspect of harmful environmental pollution treatment. The related work of this paper is focused on the above points to the 1.: Recently, on the construction of new nano materials for the detection of glucose concentration and the the new breakthrough, which is based on the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles colorimetric method. The silver nanoparticles have higher molar absorptivity than gold nanoparticles and other metal particles can exhibit obvious yellow to brown the meat color. The detection principle of the considerable eye color meter analogy is dependent on the catalytic effect of glucose and glucose oxidase the hydrogen peroxide oxidation etching silver, so that the Yellow slowly receded to realize the colorimetric detection of glucose or hydrogen peroxide. The method used in the silver nano particle Compared to the previous sub nanometer material to simulate natural peroxide optical properties good stability, relatively high and has higher economic benefit. On how to synthesis of good stability, good dispersion of silver nano materials have been a need to overcome the problem. Although scientists have made many attempts in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles work however, there are still various problems, including high dispersion, particle size controllable, adjustable spectral properties. Fortunately, the function of DNA technology and seed assisted deposition technology for our preparation of silver nano materials with optical properties provides another way. Before this research group in the work, successfully synthesized gold and silver core-shell structure DNA package (Au@DNA@AgNPs). Because the nuclear presence can be more convenient for the preparation of size controlled nano structure, uniform particle size on the other. Outside, due to the large number of DNA Au nuclear molecular modification, the surface of nanoparticles synthesis with a large amount of negative charge so as to enhance the repulsion between particles in Kulun, more conducive to the stability of nanoparticles. Using this structure we build a successful model for the detection of glucose colorimetric sensor, and realizes the continuous progress of glucose in fetal bovine serum the detection of.2. optical microscope technology provides a wide stage for our observations of particle behavior. Gold nanoparticles as a representative of the noble metal nanometer material, optical characteristics of strong absorption and high scattering. In general, the larger particle size, light scattering is strong, light probability into heat or other energy is small. Dark field light scattering has been observed on single particle researchers focus on an area is less involved. So the research in this aspect is a very interested The meaning of work. Here we choose the synthesis of more than 40 nm in diameter gold nanoparticles and to observe the dark field (dark field microspectroscopy, DFM) light scattering of the gold nanoparticles modified and extended to explore complementary hybridization behavior of DNA chain. On the other hand, because of nanotechnology has attracted more and more attention, especially in micro one of the research hotspots to drive the machine. As the representative of the micro motor micro motor development so far, has made many major breakthroughs, but the efficiency function, there are many shortcomings in life and environmental applications. And is suitable for mass production of micro motor preparation methods are still in research on how to better the. The application environment of the energy, realize self driven micro motor, and effectively control the direction of movement is still at the experimental stage. In our experimental stage we reference M The nO2 and the hydrogen peroxide system, in the Ming field model (bright filed microspectroscopy, BFM), carry out the preliminary observation of the motion behavior of the gas propelled micromotor.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;TP212

【共引文献】