流体作用下导电硅橡胶压阻特性及平面压力检测系统研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 09:20

  本文选题：导电硅橡胶　切入点：流体作用　出处：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：导电硅橡胶是一种具有特殊压阻特性与温度特性的复合材料,因此受到越来越多的关注。目前,导电硅橡胶多用于柔性传感器中的敏感单元元件,其性能直接影响传感器在不同应用场合的实用性,在此同时,柔性阵列传感器的测量精度和稳定性不是很高,如何有效提高其测量精度及稳定性并扩大其应用范围已成为了目前亟需解决的难题。本文阐述了导电橡胶的导电机理和补强机理；分析了导电复合材料的压阻计算模型；制定了一套基于导电硅橡胶压阻特性的制备工艺流程；分别研究了在液体静压下导电硅橡胶的压阻特性和弛豫特性,以及在气压作用下导电硅橡胶的表面压阻特性；并且设计了一种新型柔性阵列式平面压力检测系统。通过比对各类实验原料的性质及实验效果,确定了制备导电硅橡胶的最佳配比,通过制定合适的材料制备流程和对材料硫化成型条件的优化,使得导电硅橡胶内部填料的分散更加均匀；采用小尺寸、高活性的炭黑以及炭黑／纳米Si02(A1203)并用的方式对复合材料进行补强,结果显示：复合材料的邵氏硬度值可由35.5HA提升至55.5HA,经过测试比对发现该制备流程和补强方式使得复合材料的压阻重复性以及稳定性均有较好的提升,由此表明该制备工艺和补强方法可以有效地改善导电硅橡胶的粘弹性进而提高压敏材料的精度。研究了在一定范围内液体静压下(介质为水)导电硅橡胶的体压阻特性、表面压阻特性以及弛豫特性,得到了不同添加配比试样的压阻敏感区间和弛豫时间。实验结果表明：在液体静压下,各不同试样所表现的表面压阻性能要优于体压阻性能,其中,6%乙炔炭黑/2%纳米Si02并用的试样所表现出的表面压阻性能最优,压敏区间相比最宽,其测量液位范围为0～20cm；6%乙炔炭黑/2%纳米α-Al2O3并用试样的表面压阻性能最差,表现为压敏区间较小,测量液位范围为0-10cm,但可用作力加载值较小时的情况；而单独添加8%乙炔炭黑试样的压阻性能则界于前二者之间,在0-15cm的测量区间内其表面压阻性能较好。纳米改性材料的添加与材料厚度的增大(2mm-4mm),可以在一定程度上扩展复合材料的压敏区间并且可以将复合材料在液体静压下的电阻弛豫时间从160s缩短至50-70s。测试导电硅橡胶在气压作用下的表面压阻特性,结果发现：添加改性材料后,导电硅橡胶在气体作用下的表面压阻特性曲线明显要优于单独添加乙炔炭黑的情况,而且随着材料厚度的增加其压阻特性有较好的提升,当复合材料的厚度为4mm且喷气压力范围为0.02-0.3MPa时,喷气压力值与电阻值的对应关系更加清晰明确,但喷气高度的增加不利于气压敏感材料的精度。在研究导电硅橡胶各类性能的基础上,选择了合适的敏感单元材料,结合一种新型柔性阵列结构,分别通过硬件与软件的开发设计了一套阵列式压力分布检测系统；通过对该系统实验平台的搭建与调试,实现了两接触平面间的压力分布数据实时采集功能；通过施加不同形状的重物,将测得的数据进行可视化成像处理,发现该检测系统不仅可以有效降低制作成本,并且能够初步地实现平面压力分布检测的测量。
[Abstract]:Conductive silicone rubber is a kind of composite material with special piezoresistive properties and temperature characteristics, has attracted more and more attention. At present, the conductive silicone rubber used for sensitive elements in flexible sensors, it directly affects the performance of the sensor at the same time in the practical, different applications, measurement accuracy and stability of flexible array sensor is not very high, how to improve the measurement accuracy and stability and to expand its scope of application has become a problem to be solved urgently. This paper expounds the conductive mechanism of conductive rubber and reinforcing mechanism; model analysis of the piezoresistive composites; developed a process of preparing conductive silicone rubber piezoresistive based on the characteristics of the liquid under hydrostatic pressure respectively; conductive silicone rubber piezoresistive properties and relaxation properties were studied, and the pressure under the action of surface conductive silicone rubber piezoresistive Characteristics; and the design of a new type of flexible array type plane pressure detection system. Through the comparison experiment and experimental results of various properties of raw materials, to determine the best ratio for preparation of conductive silicone rubber, through the development process and optimization of material conditions of vulcanization molding material preparation suitable, dispersed internal filler of conductive silicone rubber more the uniform; small size, high activity of carbon black and carbon black / nano Si02 (A1203) and the way of reinforcement of composite materials showed that composite hardness value can be increased from 35.5HA to 55.5HA, after testing the preparation process was found on the improvement and reinforcement made of composite material pressure the repeatability and stability of resistance are good, which shows that the preparation process and the reinforcement method can effectively improve the viscoelastic properties of conductive silicone rubber and improve the accuracy of research. Pressure sensitive materials 绌朵簡鍦ㄤ竴瀹氳寖鍥村唴娑蹭綋闈欏帇涓，

本文编号：1560434