一维纳米材料的无规堆砌：水下超疏油表面的构建与应用基础

发布时间：2018-03-04 23:36

本文选题：水下超疏油　切入点：碳纳米管　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水下超疏油表面在油水分离、抗生物粘附、防油抗污、水下降阻等领域具有巨大的潜在应用,受到了研究者广泛的关注。对自然界中的水下超疏油表面如鱼的表皮、荷叶下表面、蛤蜊外壳等进行浸润性研究,发现亲水的表面化学组成与微纳复合的表面结构是其中最为基本的两个要素。一维纳米材料的无规堆砌可以制备具有纳米级别粗糙度的表面结构,只要赋予材料以亲水性质,便可以实现水下超疏油表面的成功构建。遵循以上思路,本文采用真空抽滤法与静电纺丝法,分别制备了单宁酸修饰碳纳米管涂层及天然高分子纳米纤维膜,证明材料表面在水下超疏油且抗油滴粘附,在油水分离领域具有应用价值。利用真空抽滤法将单宁酸修饰的多壁碳纳米管沉积到聚丙烯微孔膜表面构建涂层。涂层表现出空气中亲水(WCA=34.70),水下超疏油(OCA=164.8°,SA=2.70)的浸润性质,对多种油类表现出很强的排斥性及抗粘附性,并且能够在酸、碱、盐等不同环境下长期稳定。有机溶剂的清洗与单宁酸溶液的再吸附能够实现该涂层在“空气中亲水—水下超疏油”与“空气中疏水—水下超亲油”不同浸润性质间的转换。基于单宁酸修饰碳纳米管涂层的水下超疏油性质,该材料能够实现对油水乳液的有效分离。同时,利用修饰物单宁酸的物理化学性质,该涂层可以被应用于蛋白质负载、铁元素螯合、银离子还原以及羟基磷灰石的生长。利用静电纺丝技术成功制备了壳聚糖/PEO纳米纤维膜,并对溶剂性质、共混物PEO分子量、壳聚糖/PEO共混比例、电压和接收距离等因素进行优化。将不同脱胶程度的丝素蛋白样品共混后进行电纺,克服了丝素蛋白在水溶液环境下电纺试验重复性不佳的问题,成功制备了纺丝过程稳定,成丝形态良好的丝素蛋白纳米纤维膜。实验证明壳聚糖/PEO静电纺丝膜水下超疏油且对油滴抗粘附,将其覆盖于不锈钢网表面,水环境下可实现对油水混合液的有效分离。
[Abstract]:The surface of ultra-thinning oil under water has great potential applications in the fields of oil and water separation, anti-biological adhesion, anti-oil and anti-fouling, and so on, and has been widely concerned by researchers. The wettability of the lower surface of lotus leaf and the shell of clam were studied. It is found that the surface chemical composition of hydrophilic material and the composite surface structure are the two most basic elements. The random stacking of one-dimensional nanomaterials can be used to prepare the surface structure with nanometer roughness, provided that the hydrophilic property of the material is given. Following the above ideas, Tannic acid modified carbon nanotube coating and natural polymer nanofiber membrane were prepared by vacuum filtration method and electrostatic spinning method, respectively. It is proved that the surface of the material is super oil-sparing under water and anti-oil droplet adhesion. It has application value in oil-water separation. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified by tannic acid are deposited on the surface of polypropylene microporous membrane by vacuum filtration method. The coating shows the wettability of hydrophilic acid WCA 34.70 in air and OCA 164.8 掳SAA 2.70 in water. Showing strong resistance and resistance to various oils, and can be used in acid, alkali, The cleaning of organic solvent and the readsorption of tannic acid solution can realize the different wetting properties of the coating in "hydrophilic water in air" and "hydrophobic super oil in air" and "hydrophobic super hydrophobic oil in air". Based on the hydrophobic properties of tannic acid-modified carbon nanotube coatings, The coating can be used for protein loading, iron chelation, and the physical and chemical properties of the modified tannic acid. Silver ion reduction and hydroxyapatite growth. Chitosan / PEO nanofiber membranes were successfully prepared by electrostatic spinning technique. The properties of solvents, molecular weight of PEO blends and the ratio of chitosan / PEO blends were studied. The factors such as voltage and receiving distance were optimized. The silk fibroin samples with different degumming degree were blended and electrospun. The problem of poor repeatability of silk fibroin electrospinning in aqueous solution was overcome, and the spinning process was stable successfully. The experimental results show that the chitosan / PEO electrospinning membrane is super oil-thinning under water and anti-adhesion to oil droplets, which is covered on the surface of stainless steel mesh and can be effectively separated from oil-water mixture in water environment.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1

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