回收纤维增强木塑复合材料的制备和性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 04:23

本文选题：回收纤维　切入点：木塑　出处：《东华大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：木塑复合材料(WPC)作为一种环境友好型新材料，具有原料来源广泛、质轻、价廉、美观等优点，近年来引起人们的广泛关注，已广泛应用在建筑、汽车、家具、包装等行业。但是由于木塑材料的强度和抗冲击性能较差，极大地限制了其在结构工程材料领域的应用。因此，如何提高木塑复合材料的力学性能成为当下木塑材料研究的主要方向之一。本文利用PFI磨对废弃纺织品进行回收处理，然后用获得的回收纤维作为增强材料，制备了纤维增强型高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)基木塑复合材料，并通过力学性能测试、DSC、TGA、SEM等方法研究了回收纤维对复合材料性能的影响，旨在创新废弃织物回收利用方法的同时，研制出综合性能优良的木塑材料。全文主要研究内容和结果如下： 1.选用废弃聚酯(PET)纺织品和棉纺织品作为回收原料，，研究了PFI磨对其打浆处理工艺。打浆过程中我们发现最主要的控制因素包括打浆间距和打浆转数等。间距过小时纤维容易缠结在一起，过大时设备对纤维的作用力变小，易出现大量未被打散的纤维束；打浆转数的增加有利于纤维的分散，但过大时影响处理效率。优化的打浆工艺参数为打浆转数30000r，打浆间距2.4mm，打浆压力3.37N，打浆浓度10%，在此工艺条件下打浆，能够获得分散性较好的回收纤维。 2.制备了回收纤维增强的HDPE复合材料，研究了纤维含量和纤维长度对复合材料力学性能的影响，同时表征了复合材料的热稳定性能和结晶性能，对比研究了不同的界面改性方法。结果表明：在相容剂MAH-g-PP的作用下，PET纤维和棉纤维都能很好地分散在HDPE基体中。PET纤维的引入增强了复合材料的综合力学性能，而棉纤维在提高拉伸、弯曲性能的同时，使复合材料的冲击性能下降了。热性能研究发现PET纤维的引入提高了复合材料的结晶度，对热稳定性能影响不大；而棉纤维使得复合材料的热稳定性下降明显，对材料的结晶度没有显著影响。此外PET纤维长度在10mm左右，配合质量分数为5%的MAH-g-PP作为相容剂时，增强效果最为突出。 3.在前面研究的基础上，利用木粉和HDPE为原料制备了不同纤维含量的木塑复合材料，分别研究了纤维含量和热处理工艺对WPC结构和性能的影响。结果表明：WPC中PET纤维、棉纤维和木粉都能均匀地分散在塑料基体中，并且PET纤维的引入进一步提高了WPC的综合力学性能；而棉纤维的加入使得WPC的拉伸性能先增大后减小，并且在纤维含量为10%时达到最优值，弯曲和冲击强度却有所降低，这主要是由过量纤维形成的团聚造成的。热性能研究方面发现两种回收纤维的加入对WPC整体热稳定性能影响不大，而PET纤维提高了WPC的结晶度和熔点。热处理明显改善了WPC的结晶性能，其中PET纤维增强的WPC在热处理后弯曲强度和模量下降显著，拉伸强度变化不明显；而棉纤维增强的WPC的拉伸和弯曲性能都有所增加，其中120℃的热处理温度最佳。
[Abstract]:Wood plastic composite materials (WPC) as a kind of environmentally friendly new materials, has a wide source of raw materials, light weight, low cost, beautiful appearance and other advantages, attracted widespread attention in recent years, has been widely used in construction, automotive, furniture, packaging and other industries. But because the wood plastic material strength and poor impact resistance, great limited its application in the field of structural engineering materials. Therefore, how to improve the mechanical properties of wood plastic composite materials has become one of the main research direction of the wood material.
This paper uses PFI mill waste textiles recycling, and then recycled fibers obtained as reinforced materials, preparation of fiber reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE) wood plastic composite material, and by means of mechanical properties test, DSC, TGA, SEM and other methods to study the effect of recycled fibers on the properties of the composite materials, aimed at innovation waste fabric recycling method and developed wood plastic material with excellent performance. The main research contents and results are as follows:
1. selection of waste polyester (PET) textiles and cotton textiles as recycling of raw materials of PFI mill the beating process. The refining process we found that the main controlling factors including beating spacing and beating revolution. The distance is small fiber tangles easily, small force equipment of the fiber is too large, easy to appear a large number of fiber bundles is not scattered; increasing beating revolutions is conducive to fiber dispersion, but excessive influence of processing efficiency. The optimized process parameters for beating beating speed 30000r, beating spacing 2.4mm, beating pressure 3.37N, a slurry concentration of 10%, under the conditions of beating, can obtain better recovery. Fiber dispersion
HDPE composite material recycling fiber reinforced 2. synthesis, effects of fiber content and fiber length on the mechanical properties of the composites, and to characterize the thermal stability and crystallization properties of composite materials, comparative study of different interfacial modification methods. The results showed that: in the compatible agent MAH-g-PP under the action of PET fiber and the cotton fiber can introduce well dispersed in the HDPE matrix of.PET fiber to enhance the mechanical properties of composite material, cotton fiber in improving the tensile, flexural properties and the impact properties of the composites decreased. The thermal performance study showed that the introduction of PET fiber to improve the crystallinity of the composite material, not influence on the thermal stability of cotton fiber; the thermal stability of the composites decreased significantly, the crystallinity of the material was not significantly affected. In addition PET fiber length is about 10mm, with the mass fraction is 5%. When MAH-g-PP is used as a compatibilizer, the enhancement effect is the most prominent.
3. based on the previous study, the preparation of wood plastic composites with different fiber contents as the raw material for the use of wood powder and HDPE, the effect of fiber content and heat treatment on the structure and performance of WPC were studied. The results showed that the PET fiber WPC, cotton fiber and wood powder can be uniformly dispersed in the plastic matrix the introduction of PET fiber, and further improve the mechanical properties of WPC and cotton fiber; adding the tensile properties of WPC increased first and then decreased, and reached the optimal value when the fiber content is 10%, the bending and impact strength decreased, which mainly formed by the agglomeration caused by excess fiber thermal. The study found that two kinds of properties of recycled fibers of WPC overall thermal stability is not affected, and PET fiber to improve the crystallinity of WPC and melting point. Heat treatment significantly improved the crystallinity of WPC, the PET fiber reinforced WP After heat treatment, the bending strength and modulus of C decreased significantly, but the tensile strength did not change significantly. The tensile and flexural properties of cotton fiber reinforced WPC increased, and the heat treatment temperature at 120 C was the best.

【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332

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