碳与金属纳米材料的合成及在传感分析中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 17:37

本文选题：纳米材料　切入点：酵母提取物　出处：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：纳米材料因其独特的光学、电学、磁学及催化性能在医药生物、食品安全、环境保护及能源催化等领域都展现出了广阔的应用前景。本论文主要围绕如何构建功能型的纳米材料展开,并进一步拓展功能纳米材料在环境污染离子检测、生物小分子检测中的传感应用。主要的研究内容包括如下三个方面:1以酵母提取物为保护剂和还原剂,采用加热回流法合成了一种具有蓝色荧光的铜纳米簇(CuNCs)。我们发现得到的CuNCs具有良好的水溶性和光稳定性,且在一定浓度的Na2S208存在时,S2-的出现会显著增强CuNCs的荧光。基于此,我们发展了一种增强Cu NCs荧光检测水样中S2-的荧光传感器。实验结果表明,Cu NCs的相对荧光强度(F/F0)与S2-浓度(0.02μM-0.8μM)呈现良好的线性关系,最低检测限达到10 nM,可用于实际样品(自来水和温泉水)中S2-含量的检测。2以碲纳米线为牺牲模板合成铂钯双合金纳米线(PdPtBANWs),发展了一种基于PdPtBANWs灵敏检测抗坏血酸(AA)的电化学传感器。研究结果表明,修饰有该纳米线的玻碳电极对AA表现出显著的电催化活性。在0.01-0.97 mM的线性浓度范围内,灵敏度达到467.9μAmM-1cm-2,检测限是0.2μM(S/N=3)。除此之外,该电化学传感器对AA表现出良好的选择性,稳定性和重现性,可应用于人体血清和维生素C药片中AA的含量检测。3以酵母提取物为碳源,一步水热法合成了碳量子点(C-Dots)。该碳量子点具有成本低、水溶性好且分散均匀、无毒、高荧光性能的优异性质。探讨了在高浓度的离子强度、极端pH及长时间光照的条件下,碳量子点荧光强度的变化。研究发现即使在极端条件下,碳量子点仍保持较高的荧光强度,进而表明了合成的碳量子点具有良好的荧光稳定性。实验还进一步考察了 Fe3+对碳量子点荧光强度的影响,结果发现Fe3+对其荧光强度具有猝灭作用,其荧光猝灭程度(F0/F)与Fe3+浓度(0.3μM-800μM)呈现良好的线性关系(R2=0.991)。制备的碳量子点对Fe3+具有高灵敏性、高选择性以及较好的抗干扰能力,可以作为检测Fe3+的荧光传感器。
[Abstract]:Nanomaterials for their unique optical, electrical, magnetic and catalytic properties in medicine, biology, food safety, Environmental protection and energy catalysis have shown broad application prospects. This paper mainly focuses on how to construct functional nanomaterials and further expand the detection of functional nanomaterials in environmental pollution ion detection. Sensing applications in the detection of small biomolecules. The main research contents include the following three aspects: the yeast extract is used as protectant and reductant. A copper nanocluster with blue fluorescence was synthesized by heating reflux method. We found that the obtained CuNCs has good water-solubility and photostability, and the presence of S2- in the presence of a certain concentration of Na2S208 can significantly enhance the fluorescence of CuNCs. We have developed a fluorescence sensor for enhanced Cu NCs fluorescence detection of S2- in water samples. The experimental results show that the relative fluorescence intensity of Cu NCs (F- / F0) has a good linear relationship with S2- concentration of 0.02 渭 M-0.8 渭 M. The minimum detection limit is up to 10 nm, which can be used for the determination of S2- content in actual samples (tap water and hot spring water). 2. Synthesis of platinum and palladium double alloy nanowires PdPtBANWsN using tellurium nanowires as sacrificial template. A sensitive method for the detection of ascorbic acid based on PdPtBANWs has been developed. Electrochemical transducers of AAs. The results show that, The glassy carbon electrode modified with the nanowire showed remarkable electrocatalytic activity for AA. In the linear range of 0.01-0.97 mm, the sensitivity reached 467.9 渭 AmM-1cm-2, and the detection limit was 0.2 渭 mS-1 cm-2. In addition, the electrochemical sensor showed good selectivity for AA. It can be applied to the determination of AA content in human serum and vitamin C tablets by using yeast extract as carbon source in a single step hydrothermal synthesis of carbon quantum dots. The carbon quantum dots have the advantages of low cost, good water solubility and uniform dispersion. The changes of fluorescence intensity of carbon quantum dots under high ionic strength, extreme pH and long time illumination were studied. It was found that even under extreme conditions, The fluorescence intensity of carbon quantum dots is still high, which indicates that the synthesized carbon quantum dots have good fluorescence stability. The effect of Fe3 on the fluorescence intensity of carbon quantum dots is also investigated. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity of Fe3 was quenched, and the fluorescence quenching degree (F _ 0 / F) showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of Fe3 (0.3 渭 M-800 渭 M). The prepared carbon quantum dots had high sensitivity, high selectivity and good anti-interference ability to Fe3. It can be used as a fluorescence sensor to detect Fe3.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB383.1;TP212

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