纺织废料生物复合材料的制备与性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 23:01

本文选题：真菌　切入点：纺织废料　出处：《江南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本课题采用真菌培养的生物技术将纺织废料粘合起来制备得到纺织废料生物复合材料,在一定程度上既解决了纺织废料对环境污染的问题,又缓解了纺织资源短缺的问题,做到了真正的变废为宝和废旧资源再利用。在纺织废料生物复合材料的制备过程中,由于真菌本身生长的不可控性和真菌种类的不同,以及纺织废料纤维化学成分的区别,导致最终制备的纺织废料生物复合材料的物理和力学性能差异,因此本课题对其进行了探讨,为纺织废料生物复合材料的应用提供了理论支持。主要研究内容如下:1、纺织废料生物复合材料的制备以及试验方案的确定。由于纺织废料来源复杂,所以纺织废料生物复合材料的制备第一步必须对其开松除杂处理,然后对处理后的纤维进行梳理,得到纤维网,最后是真菌培养以及对纤维的接种工作。因此本试验主要探讨纤维的长度以及成分来分析最终制成的纺织废料生物复合材料的力学性能和物理性能以及生物降解特性的影响。2、真菌的选择以及液体培养的工艺优化。本实验制备的关键部分就是真菌的接种。首先挑选三种常见的真菌:平菇、草菇和白金针,进行活化并扩大培养,最后通过实验优化得到三种真菌的最优培养液体条件:平菇液体培养基为葡萄糖、麸皮、MgSO4·7H2O、KH2PO4;草菇液体培养基为:葡萄糖、米糠、KH2PO4、MgSO4·7H2O;白金针液体培养基为:葡萄糖、玉米粉、KH2PO4、MgSO4·7H2O。3、不同菌丝体基废棉纤维生物复合材料的制备与力学性能比较分析。选取废棉纤维为接种纤维,并制备得到三种不同菌丝体基废棉纤维生物复合材料。通过结构比较分析得出结论:三种不同菌丝体基的废棉生物复合材料中的菌丝体都起到了粘合剂的作用,但呈网格状的平菇菌丝体粘结效果较好;平菇菌丝体基废棉纤维生物复合材料的力学强度完全取决于菌丝体与棉纤维缠结力的大小。4、不同纤维成分的生物复合材料的制备与力学性能比较分析。选取平菇菌丝体作为粘合剂,分别制备得到废棉纤维生物复合材料、涤纶纤维生物复合材料以及丙纶纤维生物复合材料。改变纤维的长度和菌丝体接种量,通过实验得出结论:随着纤维长度和菌丝体接种量的增加,材料的拉伸强度变化不大,其压缩强度和弯曲强度均明显增强,并得到最佳菌丝体接种量为15%。5、纤维成分和菌丝体基不同对纺织废料生物复合材料的物理性能的影响。菌丝体本身不吸水、密度低且具有生物降解特性,所以制备得到的材料具有生物降解特性,密度约为0.2~0.5g/cm3,实验表明:相比较于涤纶和丙纶生物复合材料废棉纤维生物复合材料其吸湿能力最强,且具有一定的生物降解性能。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we use the biotechnology of fungal culture to bond the textile waste to produce the textile waste biological composite material, which not only solves the problem of the textile waste pollution to the environment, but also alleviates the problem of the textile resource shortage. In the process of preparing textile waste biocomposites, due to the uncontrollable growth of fungi and the different kinds of fungi, as well as the difference of chemical composition of textile waste fibers, As a result of the difference in physical and mechanical properties of the final textile waste biomaterials, this paper discusses them. It provides theoretical support for the application of textile waste biological composite materials. The main research contents are as follows: 1. The preparation of textile waste biological composites and the determination of test plan. Therefore, the first step in the preparation of textile waste biological composite materials must be to open and remove the impurities, and then carding the treated fibers to get the fiber network. Finally, the fungal culture and the inoculation of the fiber. Therefore, this experiment mainly discusses the length and composition of the fiber to analyze the mechanical and physical properties and biodegradation of the final textile waste biological composite. The key part of the preparation of this experiment is the inoculation of fungi. First, three common fungi: Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Pleurotus ostreatus are selected. Straw mushroom and white golden needle were activated and expanded culture. Finally, the optimum culture conditions of three fungi were obtained by experiments: glucose for Pleurotus ostreatus liquid medium, MgSO _ 4 路7H _ 2O KH _ 2PO _ 4 for bran and glucose for mushroom liquid medium. Rice bran KH _ 2PO _ 4 / MgSO _ 4 路7H _ 2O, white gold needle liquid medium: glucose, corn flour KH _ 2PO _ 4 / MgSO _ 4 路7H _ 2O 路3. The preparation and mechanical properties of different mycelia based waste cotton fiber biological composites were compared and analyzed. Three kinds of waste cotton fiber biological composites based on different mycelium were prepared. The conclusion was drawn through the structure comparison and analysis: the mycelium of three different mycelia based waste cotton biological composites were all acting as binders. But the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus showed good bonding effect. The mechanical strength of waste cotton fiber biocomposites based on mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus depends entirely on the tangle force between mycelium and cotton fiber. The preparation and mechanical properties of the biological composite with different fiber composition are compared and analyzed. Select Pleurotus ostreatus. The mycelium acts as a binder, The waste cotton fiber biological composite, polyester fiber biological composite and polypropylene fiber biological composite were prepared, the length of the fiber and the inoculation amount of mycelium were changed. It is concluded that with the increase of fiber length and inoculation amount of mycelium, the tensile strength of the material does not change much, and the compressive strength and bending strength of the material increase obviously. The optimum inoculation amount of mycelium was 15. 5. The effects of fiber composition and mycelium base on the physical properties of textile waste biocomposites were obtained. The mycelium itself had no water absorption, low density and biodegradable properties. Therefore, the prepared materials have biodegradable properties, the density is about 0.2 ~ 0. 5 g / cm ~ (3). The experiment shows that compared with the waste cotton fiber biological composites of polyester and polypropylene, the moisture absorption ability of the waste cotton fiber biological composites is the strongest, and it has certain biodegradability.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB33

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