电沉积制备多孔镍膜及其超级电容器应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 14:50

本文选题：超级电容器　切入点：多孔镍膜　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人类生活方式的改变,人们对于作为生活支柱的能源的需求量也与日俱增。目前化石燃料日益枯竭,可再生能源的研究开发日益迫切而储能器件正是利用这些新能源的关键。超级电容器具有高功率密度和长循环寿命的特点,但其能量密度低,这限制了它作为储能器件的应用。电极是超级电容器的核心部件,由集流体和活性材料等组成。研究开发高性能的集流体是提高超级电容器性能的重要途径之一。传统的泡沫镍具有成本低、比表面积大、耐腐蚀性好等特点,但其孔径较大,体积利用率低且难以运用于柔性器件。本论文利用模板法结合电沉积技术成功制备出一种超薄多孔镍膜,并研究了其超级电容器应用。主要研究内容及结果如下:通过在激光打孔后的不锈钢孔内填入绝缘材料,形成具有绝缘点阵的金属模板。研究了激光打孔及绝缘材料填孔对模板制备的影响。研究表明,采用0.15 mm厚的不锈钢片进行通孔加工,孔径最小可达20μm,孔心间距最小可达50μm。通过对多孔钢片进行电解抛光处理,可以使小孔具有更好的圆度,且使钢片表面更加光滑。绝缘油墨是一种良好的填孔材料,调节至较低粘度以达到好的填孔效果。通过在金属模板上电沉积镍,复制模板绝缘点阵,成功制备了超薄多孔镍膜。研究了电流密度、pH值、搅拌等电沉积参数对镍膜的影响。研究表明,电流密度在小于0.16 A/cm2时可以防止镍膜出现起皮现象,pH值控制在3-4可以减少镍膜针孔,对镀液施加搅拌可使镍膜厚度均匀。在多孔镍膜上电沉积MnO2,研究其电化学性能。研究了镍膜参数及MnO2电沉积参数对MnO2薄膜电化学性能的影响。研究表明,增加镍膜表面粗糙度可以有效地增加MnO2与镍膜间的结合力。相较于无孔镍膜,多孔镍膜上的小孔有利于离子传输,提高了MnO2利用率,且孔径越小电化学性能越好。相较于恒流沉积,恒压沉积得到的MnO2结构疏松比表面积大,性能更好,其中0.5 V电压下得到的片状MnO2性能最佳。随着沉积时间的增加,恒压恒流两种沉积方式获得的电极都呈现出质量比电容减小,面积比电容增加的规律。
[Abstract]:With the change of human way of life, the demand for energy, which is the mainstay of life, is increasing. The research and development of renewable energy is becoming more and more urgent and energy storage devices are the key to utilize these new energy sources. Supercapacitors have the characteristics of high power density and long cycle life, but their energy density is low. This limits its application as an energy storage device. Electrodes are the core components of supercapacitors. It is one of the important ways to improve the performance of supercapacitors to develop high-performance ones. Traditional nickel foam has the characteristics of low cost, large specific surface area, good corrosion resistance and so on, but its pore size is large. In this paper, a thin porous nickel film was successfully fabricated by template method combined with electrodeposition technology. The main research contents and results are as follows: the insulation material is filled in the stainless steel hole after laser drilling. A metal template with insulating lattice was formed. The effects of laser drilling and insulating material filling on the preparation of the template were studied. The results showed that the through hole was processed with a stainless steel sheet of 0.15 mm thick. The minimum aperture is up to 20 渭 m and the minimum spacing between holes is up to 50 渭 m. By electrolytic polishing of the porous steel sheet, the hole has a better roundness and the surface of the steel sheet is smoother. Insulating ink is a good filling material. By electrodeposition of nickel on metal template and replication of template insulation lattice, ultrathin porous nickel film was successfully prepared. The current density and pH value were studied. The effect of stirring isoelectrodeposition parameters on nickel film. The results show that when the current density is less than 0.16 A / cm ~ 2, the pinhole of nickel film can be reduced when the pH value is controlled at 3-4, and the current density is less than 0.16 A / cm ~ 2. The electrodeposition of MNO _ 2 on porous nickel film was carried out to study its electrochemical properties. The effects of nickel film parameters and MnO2 electrodeposition parameters on the electrochemical properties of MnO2 films were studied. Increasing the surface roughness of nickel film can effectively increase the adhesion between MnO2 and nickel film. Compared with the non-porous nickel film, the pore in porous nickel film is favorable for ion transport, and the utilization ratio of MnO2 is improved. The smaller the pore diameter, the better the electrochemical performance. Compared with the constant current deposition, the MnO2 structure obtained by constant pressure deposition has a larger loose specific surface area and better performance, among which the flake MnO2 obtained at 0.5 V voltage is the best, with the increase of deposition time. The results show that the mass specific capacitance decreases and the area specific capacitance increases with constant voltage and constant current deposition.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB383.4;TM53

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