雷电环境下复合材料层合板电—磁—热—结构耦合效应研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 14:06

本文选题：复合材料　切入点：加筋壁板　出处：《西北工业大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：先进复合材料结构因其比强度和比刚度高、性能可设计性等特点，可以满足现代飞行器结构多功能一体化设计需求，，于是广泛地应用于航空航天领域，尤其是先进飞机结构设计领域。但是，相比传统的金属材料，复合材料导电能力差且各向异性，从而导致复合材料飞机结构电磁屏蔽性能的缺失，使得飞机对雷电环境更敏感且容易因雷击事件而发生灾难性破坏。雷电可以给飞机结构带来直接效应和间接效应两个方面影响，论文主要针对复合材料雷击直接效应问题开展如下几个方面研究： 1.针对典型飞机复合材料加筋壁板开展雷击试验；对雷电流通道与复合材料加筋壁板间的相互作用过程进行定性分析，将复合材料加筋壁板表面雷击损伤区域分解成五个区域，分别是：初始附着区、附着传导区、附着扩展区、二次附着区和扫掠损伤区；对不同厚度局部喷铝、全喷铝、铜网以及未防护等四类防护形式的六件复合材料加筋壁板试验件的表面雷击损伤区域分区特性进行了详细分析。 2.针对复合材料结构遭受雷击过程的物理环境尤其是电磁环境进行了理论分析和数值模拟。将复合材料加筋壁板处理成复合材料层合板结构，建立了三维雷电环境下复合材料层合板结构电磁场有限元分析模型，计算了双指数雷电流波形电磁场。有限元计算结果与理论吻合较好，同时，与复杂的电磁场理论相比较，有限元结果更直观地反映了复合材料层合板结构电磁场分布特性和放电通道对结构电磁场的影响。 3.开展了雷电环境下电磁力对复合材料层合板结构响应的影响分析。比较了仅考虑板载雷电流电磁场和考虑放电通道电磁场两种情况下电磁力引起的层合板应力场和位移场；计算了不考虑电磁力情况下焦耳热效应导致复合材料热膨胀从而引起层合板的应力场和位移场，并将其与计及电磁力和焦耳热效应两个物理量引起层合板的应力和位移进行了对比；发现可以忽略雷电环境下电磁力对复合材料结构响应的影响。 4.基于复合材料弹性本构模型及其弹塑性失效模型和高爆炸药材料模型建立了雷电环境下复合材料非线性动力学模型；构建了基于电-热耦合分析和汽化反冲分析的综合分析方法，对雷电流直接效应引起的复合材料层合板动态损伤行为进行了分析。从复合材料雷击损伤定性分析角度来看，综合分析结果与雷击试验结果吻合较好，表明所建立的非线性动力学模型和综合分析方法可以用于雷击引起的复合材料汽化反冲分析。 5.基于Hashin准则和粘性正则化方法编译了复合材料三维渐进损伤子程序，采用全程分析方法对典型复合材料加筋壁板雷击后的轴向压缩稳定性及其剩余强度进行了数值计算。数值方法得到的含雷击损伤加筋壁板失稳情况和剩余强度与试验结果间误差较小，但因未考虑内部损伤致使轴向压缩刚度数值结果与试验结果相差较大。
[Abstract]:Advanced composite structure because of its high specific strength and stiffness properties, design flexibility, can meet the requirements of modern aircraft structure integration design requirements, and is widely applied in the aerospace field, especially the advanced field of aircraft structural design. However, compared to traditional metal materials, composite materials and anisotropic conductivity specifically, resulting in lack of the electromagnetic shielding properties of the composite aircraft, the aircraft on the lightning environment more sensitive and easily due to lightning events and catastrophic damage. Lightning can bring two direct effect and indirect effect to the aircraft structure, the main work of the following for the composite effect of direct lightning:
1. for the typical aircraft composite stiffened panel to carry out the lightning test; qualitative analysis of the interaction of the lightning current channel and the composite stiffened panel between the process, the composite stiffened panel surface lightning damage region was divided into five regions, namely: initial attachment, attachment transmission area, attached to the expansion area, two time attachment region and sweep the damage zone of different thickness; local spraying of aluminum, copper and aluminum spray, net without protection four kinds of protection form six pieces of composite stiffened panel test piece surface lightning damage zone characteristics were analyzed in detail.
2. according to the physical environment of composite structures subjected to lightning process especially the electromagnetic environment of the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The composite stiffened panel with composite laminate structure, a composite laminate structure finite element analysis model under 3D environment of lightning, the double exponential waveform of lightning current electromagnetic field calculation. Co. The results are accord with the theory, at the same time, compared with the electromagnetic theory of complex, finite element results more directly reflect the influence of composite laminated structure and electromagnetic field distribution characteristics of discharge channel structure of the electromagnetic field.
3. to carry out the analysis of electromagnetic force lightning environment influence on composite laminates. The response was compared only considering the onboard lightning current electromagnetic field and electromagnetic force field considering the discharge channel two cases caused by laminate stress and displacement field; electromagnetic force without considering the effect of Joule heat conditions lead to composite materials due to expansion of laminated stress field and displacement field are calculated, and the gauge and electromagnetic force and Joule heat effect of two physical quantities by comparing the stress and displacement of laminates were found; electromagnetic force can be neglected under the environment of lightning composite material structural response.
4. elastic composite materials based on elastoplastic constitutive model and failure model and high explosive materials model established a composite nonlinear dynamics model of lightning environment; construct the comprehensive analysis method of electro thermal coupling analysis analysis and gasifying based on composite laminates dynamic damage behavior of direct effect should be caused by the lightning current the analysis from the qualitative analysis of composite lightning damage point of view, the comprehensive analysis results are in good agreement with the lightning test results, analysis of the composite shows that the nonlinear dynamics model of gasifying and comprehensive analysis of the established method can be used for lightning caused.
5. the Hashin criterion and the viscous regularization method based on the compilation of the composite 3D progressive damage subroutine of axial typical composite stiffened panel after lightning compression and residual strength stability has been calculated using the whole analysis method. The numerical method with lightning damage stiffened wall instability and the residual strength and the error between the test results small, but because of not considering the internal damage resulting in axial compression stiffness numerical results and the experimental results are quite different.

【学位授予单位】：西北工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB33

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