木竹材衍生碳基超级电容器电极材料的制备及其性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 10:10

本文选题：生物质碳　切入点：硼　出处：《浙江农林大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：超级电容器作为一种重要的电能存储器件已经受到能源和材料领域的广泛关注。电极材料是超级电容器电能存储的主要贡献者。碳材料和碳基复合材料则是两种最有潜力实现商用化应用的超级电容器电极材料。但是,一些典型碳材料在合成制备方面存在原料资源匮乏、制作工艺复杂、成本相对较高等问题,限制了这些碳材料和碳基复合电极材料的工业化生产应用。寻求低成本碳源制备碳材料和碳基复合材料用于超级电容器电极材料已成为该领域一个重要发展方向。木、竹材是可再生的生物质材料,制备成碳材料工艺简单且具有丰富的多孔结构,近年来已经成为制备低成本超级电容器电极材料的备选碳源材料。为了制备具有较好电化学性能的低成本碳基电极材料同时实现生物质木竹材的高附加值利用,本论文设计和开展了新型木竹材衍生碳基复合材料的制备及其超电容性能研究工作。具体研究内容和主要结果如下:(1)以竹材粉末为原料,采用高温热解法制备竹碳。然后通过碱活化法使碳和碱发生反应,产生多级多孔结构。接着通过水热掺杂法,实现制备碳材料的硼、氮元素掺杂。之后,将制备的元素共掺杂竹材衍生碳材料制作成超级电容器电极,对其进行循环伏安(CV)、静态充放电、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等电化学性能测试。测试结果显示,制备的硼氮共掺杂竹材衍生碳材料的比电容和能量密度明显高于未掺杂的碳、单一硼掺杂的碳以及单一氮掺杂的碳。硼氮共掺杂竹材衍生碳在1 M KOH和1 M H2SO4电解液中最大比电容值分别可达281 F g~(-1)和318 F g~(-1),最大能量密度分别达到37.8 W h kg~(-1)和42.1 W h kg~(-1)。获得的最大比电容高于大多数报道过的竹碳材料、硼掺共掺杂碳材料、以及其他典型的生物质碳材料。此外,由新型硼氮共掺杂竹材衍生碳材料制成的负电极构成的不对称超级电容器展现出良好的能量密度和电化学循环稳定性。该研究表明,制备的硼氮共掺杂竹材衍生碳材料可作为制备高性能超级电容器的备选材料。通过该材料制备方法有希望实现竹材的高附加值利用。(2)以木材为原料,采用高温热解法、碱活化法和水热掺杂法制备硼掺杂碳材料,接着通过低温原位氧化聚合法,制备聚苯胺/硼掺杂木材衍生碳复合材料。受益于硼掺杂碳材料丰富的孔结构和硼掺杂赋予的锚固位点,复合物中的聚苯胺组分得到良好的分散。将制备的复合材料制作成电极后,测试了其电化学超电容性能。测试结果显示,受益于聚苯胺和硼掺杂木材衍生碳之间的协同效应,聚苯胺/硼掺杂木材衍生碳复合材料与单一聚苯胺和硼掺杂木材衍生碳电极材料相比具有更高的比电容。此外,复合材料最高比电容和比能量分别达到421 F g~(-1)和45.2 W h kg~(-1),与一些文献报道的聚苯胺包覆碳复合材料性能相当。目前的研究工作为制备低成本、高电化学性能的碳基复合材料开辟了一条可行路线,同时也为木材的高附加值利用提供了一个有意义的借鉴。
[Abstract]:Super capacitor as an electric energy storage device has been widely concerned about energy and material field. The electrode material is the main contribution of super capacitor energy storage. Carbon materials and carbon based composite materials are the two most potential for super capacitor electrode materials for commercial applications. However, some the typical morphology of carbon materials are lack of resources in the synthesis of raw materials, production process is complex, the cost is relatively high, limiting the application of these materials and industrial production of carbon carbon composite electrode materials. For low cost carbon source for preparing carbon materials and carbon based composites for supercapacitor electrode material has become a an important development direction in this field. Wood, bamboo is a renewable biomass materials, the preparation of porous structure of carbon materials has the advantages of simple process and has rich, in recent years has become the preparation of low cost super power Alternative carbon source material container electrode material. In order to lower the cost of carbon based electrode materials preparation has good electrochemical performance and achieve high value-added wood and bamboo biomass utilization, this paper designed and developed the new type of wood and bamboo derived carbon based composite material preparation and Supercapacitive performance research work. The specific research contents and main results are as follows: (1) using bamboo powder as raw materials, preparation of bamboo carbon by high temperature pyrolysis method. Then the carbon and alkali react by alkali activation method, produce multilevel porous structure. Then through hydrothermal method for preparing carbon doped material, boron, nitrogen doping. After the preparation of the elements the doping of bamboo derived carbon material into a super capacitor electrode, the CV (CV), static discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical performance testing. The testing results show that the preparation of boron nitrogen Co doped bamboo. Have the specific capacitance of the carbon material and energy density was significantly higher than that of undoped carbon, boron doped single carbon and nitrogen doped single carbon boron nitrogen Co doped bamboo derived carbon in 1 M KOH and 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte specific capacitance can reach 281 F g~ (-1) and F g~ (-1) 318 the high energy density, respectively 37.8 W and 42.1 h kg~ (-1) W h kg~ (-1). The maximum specific capacitance is higher than most reported bamboo carbon material, boron doped and Co doped carbon materials, and other typical biomass carbon materials. In addition, the new boron nitrogen Co doped bamboo derived super capacitor is a negative electrode made of carbon material asymmetry show good energy density and electrochemical stability. The study shows that the preparation of boron nitrogen Co doped bamboo derived carbon material can be used as a candidate material for the preparation of high-performance super capacitor. Through the material preparation method to real The high added value (2). The use of bamboo wood as raw material, using high temperature pyrolysis method, alkali activation method and hydrothermal preparation of doped boron doped carbon materials, followed by low temperature in-situ polymerization, preparation of Polyaniline / boron doped wood derived carbon composite material. The anchorage site in the pore structure and the benefit of boron doping rich in boron doped carbon materials with polyaniline, group complex in the points to get good dispersion. The prepared composite material made of electrode, the electrochemical Supercapacitive performance test. The testing results show that the boron doped polyaniline and benefit from the synergies between the wood derived carbon, boron doped polyaniline / wood derivative carbon composite materials with single boron doped polyaniline and wood derived carbon electrode materials have higher specific capacitance. In addition, the composite highest specific capacitance and energy density reached 421 F and 45.2 g~ (-1) W h kg~ (-1), and The properties of polyaniline coated carbon composites in some literatures are quite similar. The current research work has opened a feasible route for preparing low cost and high performance carbon based composites, and provided a meaningful reference for wood's high value added utilization.

【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB33;TM53

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