山药多糖提取及其废弃物制备可降解液体地膜研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 05:22

  本文选题：山药　切入点：多糖提取　出处：《南昌大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：山药是一种常见的药食两用植物,而山药多糖是其重要的活性成分。本论文以山药为原料,经超声波处理后,采用水提醇沉的方法提取山药多糖。采用单因素法研究影响山药多糖提取率的因素,考察工艺条件对山药细胞破碎率的影响,并将山药细胞破碎率与山药多糖提取率进行了关联,探索影响山药多糖提取率的本质因素。实验结果显示,山药多糖提取率随提取温度的升高而升高;在实验范围内,pH值越低,越有利于山药多糖的提取;提取时间和料水比对山药多糖提取率的影响均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。在料水比为1:20,pH值为2,85℃条件下提取90 min时,山药多糖的提取率最高达6.27%。温度是影响细胞破碎的一个重要因素。山药细胞对热的稳定性不完全一致,当提取温度升高至75℃时,120 min即有84%的细胞破碎,而在85℃下30 min内则有84%的细胞破碎;山药多糖主要贮存在山药细胞内,山药细胞的破碎程度影响到山药多糖的溶出量;随着pH的升高,山药细胞的破碎率呈下降趋势;细胞破碎率随着溶剂水的比例增加而提高。山药多糖提取率与细胞破碎率的关联数据表明,它们之间存在着较好的正相关性,表明细胞破碎率将影响到山药多糖的溶出和提取。以山药皮屑等废弃物与乙二醛交联产物为基料,加入适当的助剂,制备出了一种新型的可降解液体地膜,研究了其保温、保水性能。采用土埋法考察了液体地膜的可降解性能,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、降解率对其降解性能进行表征。结果表明,以山药皮等废弃物为原料制备的液体地膜,可使土壤温度提高,使土壤含水率增加。液体地膜埋入土壤49 d后,降解率达39.4%。说明所制备的液体地膜具有良好的保温、保水以及可降解性能。
[Abstract]:Chinese yam is a common medicinal and food plant, and yam polysaccharide is an important active component. In this paper, yam was used as raw material and treated by ultrasonic wave. Water extraction and alcohol precipitation were used to extract yam polysaccharides. Single factor method was used to study the factors affecting the extraction rate of yam polysaccharides, and the effects of technological conditions on the cell fragmentation rate of Chinese yam were investigated. The cell fragmentation rate of yam was correlated with the extraction rate of yam polysaccharides, and the essential factors affecting the extraction rate of yam polysaccharides were explored. The experimental results showed that the extraction rate of yam polysaccharides increased with the increase of extraction temperature, and the pH value was lower in the range of experiment. The effect of extraction time and water ratio on the extraction rate of yam polysaccharides increased first and then decreased. When the ratio of feed to water was 1: 20 and pH was 2 ~ (85) 鈩，

本文编号：1674943