半导体@碳纳米材料的制备及其光热性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 09:06

本文选题：太阳能 + 光热转换　；参考：《青岛科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：化石能源危机及环境污染的加剧,使得人类对可再生清洁能源的需求与日俱增。太阳能光热转换是利用光热转换材料将太阳光转换为热能的技术。太阳光谱是包含紫外-可见-红外光的宽光谱,若想实现对太阳能的高效利用,制备太阳光宽光谱吸收的材料是关键。为此,本文制备了氧化锡锑(ATO)@C和Fe_3O_4@C纳米材料,并研究了其光吸收和光热转换性能。以葡萄糖为碳源,一缩二乙二醇(DEG)为溶剂,利用高温回流法制备了ATO@C/DEG纳米流体。研究了葡萄糖加入量、ATO加入量和反应时间等因素对ATO@C纳米结构的形貌、分散程度,以及对纳米流体光吸收和光热转换性能的影响。结果表明:在ATO与葡萄糖摩尔比为5:3时,ATO@C/DEG纳米流体具有最佳的分散程度和最佳的宽光谱吸收效果;此比例下的纳米流体随浓度的增加太阳能加权吸收系数(8))逐渐增加,3 mg/m L的纳米流体在1 cm光程下8)达到最大值99.3%;此浓度下的ATO@C/DEG纳米流体具有最高的太阳能利用效率,为97.0%,即纳米流体吸收的太阳光绝大部分均已转化成为热量。以二茂铁为铁源,H_2O_2为氧化剂,丙酮为溶剂,采用溶剂热法制备了Fe_3O_4@C纳米颗粒,将此颗粒分散至乙二醇(EG)中制备了Fe_3O_4@C/EG纳米流体。研究了二茂铁加入量、H_2O_2加入量、反应时间和反应温度等因素对产物的形貌、结构,以及对纳米流体光吸收和光热转换性能的影响。结果表明:在180 oC下,加入0.15g二茂铁和2.5 m L的H_2O_2,反应72 h后得到的纳米颗粒具有较规整的形貌和最佳的宽光谱吸收效果;Fe_3O_4@C/EG纳米流体随浓度的增加8)逐渐增加,0.4mg/m L的纳米流体在1 cm光程下8)达到最大值99.8%;此浓度下的Fe_3O_4@C/EG纳米流体具有最高的太阳能利用效率,为83.5%。将ATO@C和Fe_3O_4@C纳米颗粒作为光热转换材料负载至滤纸上进行水蒸发测试,研究了不同负载量对光吸收效果、水蒸发速率和热效率的影响。在氙灯(1 KW·m~(-2))照射下随负载量的增加水蒸发速率和热效率增加,最大水蒸发速率分别为1.39 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)和1.22 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),较纯水蒸发速率分别增加0.96 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)和0.79 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1);热效率分别为95.04%和83.16%,较水热效率分别增加65.82%和53.94%。ATO@C和Fe_3O_4@C纳米颗粒在水蒸发方向展现出的优异性能在未来的海上溢油处理、海水淡化方面将会有很广泛的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Because of the crisis of fossil energy and the aggravation of environmental pollution, the demand for renewable clean energy is increasing day by day. Solar photothermal conversion is a technology to convert solar light into heat energy by means of photothermal conversion materials. The solar spectrum is a wide spectrum containing UV-Vis-IR light. If we want to make efficient use of solar energy, it is the key to prepare the material for the absorption of wide spectrum of solar light. In this paper, tin antimony oxide antimony oxide (ATO) @ C and Fe_3O_4@C nanomaterials have been prepared, and their optical absorption and photothermal conversion properties have been studied. Using glucose as carbon source and diethylene glycol (DEG) as solvent, ATO@C/DEG nanofluids were prepared by high temperature reflux method. The effects of glucose addition and reaction time on the morphology, dispersion, photoabsorption and photothermal conversion of ATO@C nanostructures were studied. The results show that ATOBY C / DEG nanofluids have the best dispersion degree and the best wide-spectrum absorption effect when the molar ratio of ATO to glucose is 5:3. With the increase of the concentration of nano-fluid, the weighted absorption coefficient of solar energy increased gradually, and the nano-fluid with 3 mg/m L reached the maximum value of 99.3 at 1 cm light path, and the ATO@C/DEG nanofluid at this concentration had the highest solar energy utilization efficiency. The solar light absorbed by nanofluids has been converted into heat. Using ferrocene as Tie Yuan H _ 2O _ 2 as oxidant and acetone as solvent, Fe_3O_4@C nanoparticles were prepared by solvothermal method and dispersed into ethylene glycol (EGG) to prepare Fe_3O_4@C/EG nanoparticles. The effects of the addition amount of ferrocene on the morphology, structure, photoabsorption and photothermal conversion of nanofluids were investigated, such as the addition of H _ 2O _ 2, reaction time and reaction temperature. The results show that: at 180oC, Adding 0.15g ferrocene and 2.5 mL H _ 2O _ 2, the results of 72 h reaction show that the nanocrystalline particles have more regular morphology and the best absorption effect of wide spectrum. Fe3O _ 4C / EG nano-fluid increases gradually with the increase of 8) and the nano-fluid of 0.4mgmL increases in 1 cm light. The Fe_3O_4@C/EG nanoscale fluid at this concentration has the highest solar energy efficiency. For 83.5. ATO@C and Fe_3O_4@C nanoparticles were loaded on filter paper as photothermal conversion materials for water evaporation test. The effects of different loading amounts on light absorption, water evaporation rate and thermal efficiency were studied. The water evaporation rate and thermal efficiency increased with the increase of the loading amount under the irradiation of Xenon lamp (1 KW / m ~ (-2)). The maximum evaporation rate of water was 1.39 kg / m ~ (-2) h ~ (-1) and 1.22 kg / m ~ (-2) / h ~ (-1), 0.96 kg / m ~ (-2) / h ~ (-1) and 0.79 kg / min ~ (-2) h ~ (-1), respectively, and the thermal efficiency was 95.04% and 83.16%, respectively, which was 65.82% higher than that of water thermal efficiency, and the 53.94%.ATO@C and Fe_3O_4@C nanoparticles showed excellent evaporation performance in the direction of water evaporation. Performance in the future offshore oil spill treatment, Seawater desalination will have a wide application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB383.1

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