利用回收轮胎粉和PCB粉增韧增强PVC复合材料的研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 19:47

本文选题：聚氯乙烯 + 回收轮胎粉　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以回收轮胎粉(GRT)及印刷电路板(PCB)粉末中回收的非金属粉末(N-PCB)为填料,添加到聚氯乙烯(PVC)复合材料中,通过熔融共混制备了PVC/GRT、PVC/N-PCB及PVC/GRT/N-PCB复合材料,分别研究了GRT及N-PCB对PVC复合材料力学性能的影响,并研究GRT和N-PCB增韧增强PVC复合材料的最佳配方。将GRT与不同单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)、马来酸酐(MAH)、丙烯酸(AA)分别通过开炼机共混,而后在双螺杆挤出机中反应挤出,制备了PVC/GRT复合材料。考察了回收轮胎粉用量、单体种类、引发剂种类对复合材料力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,加入5phr GRT,在DCP引发作用下PVC/GRT复合材料韧性提高显著。在此基础上,以正交实验探究引发剂DCP、接枝单体GMA、共单体St的最佳用量。结果表明在GRT用量为5phr,GMA、St、DCP用量分别为4phr、4phr、0.15phr时,PVC/GRT复合材料增韧效果最佳,与未添加GRT的PVC相比缺口冲击强度提高26%。接触角测试结果表明:用单体修饰的GRT相比较于未修饰的GRT极性增大,与PVC的极性差减小;SEM结果表明:用GMA反应增韧后的PVC/GRT复合材料表面空洞明显减少,表面相容性提高,因而GRT表现了较好的增韧效果,提高了PVC/GRT复合材料的缺口冲击强度。将N-PCB粉末作为增强填料,并且加入E-44,添加到PVC树脂材料中,通过共混熔融挤出制备了PVC/N-PCB复合材料。研究了N-PCB添加量、E-44用量以及N-PCB粒径大小对PVC/N-PCB复合材料力学性能的影响。利用万能电子试验机测定了材料的力学性能,实验结果表明:添加30phr N-PCB粉及5phr E-44的PVC/N-PCB复合材料与未添加N-PCB的PVC相比,其拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和弯曲强度分别增大18%、29%、20%。与未添加E-44的PVC/N-PCB复合材料相比,其拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和弯曲强度分别增大12%、26%、19%。SEM结果表明:加入E-44后能明显改善N-PCB与PVC基材的界面作用,减少了界面缺陷,N-PCB中玻璃纤维与PVC基材结合相对比较紧密,脱出空洞数明显减少。将GRT添加至PVC复合材料中,其缺口冲击强度提高但拉伸和弯曲强度下降;将N-PCB添加至PVC复合材料中,其拉伸和弯曲强度提高但缺口冲击强度下降。利用GRT和N-PCB添加改性PVC复合材料的特性,将GRT、N-PCB同时添加至PVC中,制备了PVC/GRT/N-PCB复合材料。实验结果表明:添加5phr GMA修饰的GRT、30phr N-PCB及10phr E-44的PVC/N-PCB复合材料与纯PVC相比,复合材料拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度及缺口冲击强度相对于纯PVC材料分别提高7%、44%、12%、19%,达到增韧增强的目的。研究表明,GRT和N-PCB均为具有应用前景的复合物填料,可有效提高聚合物复合材料的力学性能。为GRT和N-PCB的资源化回收利用找到了一种新途径,具有一定的经济效益和社会价值。
[Abstract]:In this paper, PVC / GRT / PVC / N-PCB and PVC/GRT/N-PCB composites were prepared by melt blending with the non-metallic powder (N-PCB) recovered from the recycled tire powder and printed circuit board (PCB) powder as fillers, which were added to the PVC / PVC composites. The effects of GRT and N-PCB on the mechanical properties of PVC composites were studied, and the optimum formula of GRT and N-PCB toughened and reinforced PVC composites was studied. PVC/GRT composites were prepared by blending GRT with different monomers of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), maleic anhydride (MAH) and acrylic acid (AA) respectively by means of open mill, and then extruded in a twin-screw extruder. The effects of the amount of recycled tire powder, monomer type and initiator on the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The experimental results showed that the toughness of PVC/GRT composites increased significantly with the addition of 5phr GRT under the action of DCP. On this basis, the optimum dosage of initiator DCP, graft monomer GMAand co-monomer St was investigated by orthogonal experiment. The results show that the toughening effect of PVC / GRT composites is the best when the amount of GRT is 5phr-GMA / GRT 4phr-4phr-0.15phr respectively, and the notched impact strength of PVC without GRT is increased by 26% compared with that of PVC without GRT. The results of contact angle test showed that the polarity of GRT modified with monomers was higher than that of unmodified GRT, and the polarity difference with PVC was decreased. The results showed that the surface voids and the surface compatibility of PVC/GRT composites toughened by GMA reaction were obviously reduced and the surface compatibility was improved. Therefore, GRT exhibited better toughening effect and improved notched impact strength of PVC/GRT composites. N-PCB powder was used as reinforcing filler and E-44 was added to PVC resin. The PVC/N-PCB composite was prepared by blending and extruding. The effects of the amount of N-PCB and the size of N-PCB on the mechanical properties of PVC/N-PCB composites were studied. The mechanical properties of the composites were measured by universal electronic testing machine. The experimental results showed that the tensile strength, elongation at break and bending strength of PVC/N-PCB composites with 30phr N-PCB powder and 5phr E-44 increased by 18% and 20%, respectively, compared with PVC without N-PCB. Compared with the PVC/N-PCB composites without E-44, the tensile strength, elongation at break and bending strength of the composites increased by 12% and 26%, respectively. The results showed that the interfacial interaction between N-PCB and PVC was obviously improved by adding E-44. The bond between glass fiber and PVC substrate is relatively close and the number of voids is obviously reduced. When GRT was added to PVC composites, the notched impact strength increased but the tensile and flexural strength decreased. When N-PCB was added to PVC composites, the tensile and flexural strength increased, but the notched impact strength decreased. Based on the properties of GRT and N-PCB modified PVC composites, PVC/GRT/N-PCB composites were prepared by adding GRTN PCB to PVC at the same time. The experimental results show that the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PVC/N-PCB composites modified with 5phr GMA and 10phr E-44 are higher than those of pure PVC. The flexural strength and notched impact strength of pure PVC materials are increased by 7% and 44%, respectively, in order to achieve the purpose of toughening and strengthening. The results show that both GRT and N-PCB are promising composite fillers, which can effectively improve the mechanical properties of polymer composites. It has found a new way for the recycling of GRT and N-PCB, which has certain economic benefit and social value.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ325.3;TB33

【参考文献】