碳铝基复合材料的合成工艺研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 22:33

  本文选题：碳纳米管 + 石墨烯　； 参考：《青岛科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：铝基复合材料具有密度低、尺寸稳定、比强度高、耐腐蚀性强、高温性能好等优点,在各工业领域具有广泛应用前景,是当前金属基复合材料研究开发的重点。随着航空、航天和汽车制造等现代工业的发展,对材料的性能要求越来越高。传统的碳纤维、碳化硅铝基复合材料将难以满足现代工业需求。物理和化学性能更加优异的碳纳米管(CNTs)和石墨烯材料有望成为复合材料的理想增强相；特别在铝基复合材料中作为新型增强体有着很好的应用前景。本文采用了三种方法来改善碳纳米管的分散性,并对碳纳米管进行了金属包覆及在石墨烯的表面包覆金属铜,均提高了碳纳米管和石墨烯与基体的润湿性。采用粉末冶金法制备了金属基复合材料,确定了最佳的工艺参数,如球磨时间、球磨转速,烧结时间、烧结温度等。利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、电导率仪和硬度计等分析手段,对复合材料的合成工艺进行了研究,实验结果表明：1、分别采用化学镀、液相还原工艺和分子水分混合法在碳纳米管表面包覆镍(Ni-CNTs)、银(Ag-CNTs)和铜(Cu-CNTs),获得了连续、均匀的包覆层。2、采用机械球磨法制备了碳铝基复合粉末。确定了最佳的球磨工艺参数：球磨时间为300 r/min、球磨时间为1h；采用粉末冶金法制备了复合材料预制体,确定了最佳工艺：烧结温度为470℃、烧结时间为2 h。3、研究了碳纳米管(CNTs, Ni-CNTs, Ag-CNTs, Cu-CNTs)含量(0,0.5 wt%,1 wt%,2 wt%)对复合材料的组织、力学性能、导电性能的影响。发现当碳纳米管含量为0.5 wt%时,复合材料的整体性能最佳：复合材料的硬度值分别提高了9.7%,8.9%,21.4%,电导率下降了4.5%,3.4%,11.3%。4、研究了Cu-石墨烯含量(0,0.5 wt%,1 wt%,2 wt%,4 wt%)对复合材料的组织、力学性能、导电性能的影响。发现Cu-石墨烯含量为2 wt%时,硬度达到最大值40.2 HBW,提高了14.9%,电导率下降了17.3%。
[Abstract]:Aluminum matrix composites have the advantages of low density, stable size, high specific strength, strong corrosion resistance and good high temperature performance. It has a wide application prospect in various industrial fields, and is the focus of research and development of metal matrix composites at present. With the development of modern industries, such as aerospace, aerospace and automobile manufacturing, the performance of materials is becoming more and more demanding. Traditional carbon fiber, silicon carbide aluminum matrix composites will be difficult to meet the needs of modern industry. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene materials with better physical and chemical properties are expected to be the ideal reinforcements for composites, especially as new reinforcements in aluminum matrix composites. In this paper, three methods were used to improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes, and the metal coating of carbon nanotubes and metal copper on the surface of graphene were carried out, which improved the wettability of carbon nanotubes and graphene with the matrix. The metal matrix composites were prepared by powder metallurgy, and the optimum process parameters, such as ball milling time, ball milling speed, sintering time and sintering temperature, were determined. By means of metallographic microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), conductivity meter and hardness meter, the synthetic process of the composite was studied. The carbon and aluminum based composite powders were prepared by the liquid phase reduction process and molecular moisture mixing method, which were coated with Ni-Ni-CNTsO, Ag-CNTsand Cu-Cu-CNTsO on the surface of carbon nanotubes. A continuous and uniform coating layer of 0.2 was obtained by mechanical ball milling. The optimum milling process parameters were determined as follows: the milling time was 300 r / min, the milling time was 1 h, the composite preform was prepared by powder metallurgy, and the optimum process was determined as follows: sintering temperature 470 鈩，

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