3D打印材料应用和研究现状

发布时间：2018-05-12 03:11

本文选题：D打印 + 材料　；参考：《航空材料学报》2016年04期

【摘要】：综述了3D打印领域内六种典型3D打印工艺各自所用的3D打印材料,从物理形态上主要包含液态光敏树脂材料、薄材(纸张、塑料膜)、低熔点丝材和粉末材料四种;从成分上则几乎涵盖了目前生产生活中的各类材料包括塑料、树脂、蜡等高分子材料,金属和合金材料,陶瓷材料等。立体光刻(Stereo Lithigraphy Apparatus,SLA)工艺的材料为感光性的液态树脂,即光敏树脂;叠层实体制造(Laminated Object Manufacturing,LOM)工艺的材料为纸张、塑料膜等薄材;熔融沉积成型(Fused Deposition Modeling,FDM)工艺的材料主要为便于熔融的低熔点丝状材料,主要为蜡丝、聚烯烃树脂丝、聚酰胺丝、ABS塑料丝等高分子材料;选择性激光烧结(Selective Laser Sintering,SLS)的材料是各类粉末,包括尼龙粉、覆裹尼龙的玻璃粉、聚碳酸脂粉、聚酰胺粉、蜡粉、金属粉(打印后常须进行再烧结及渗铜处理)、覆蜡陶瓷粉、覆蜡金属粉以及覆裹热凝树脂细沙等;选择性激光熔化(Selective Laser Melting,SLM)工艺使用与SLS一样的粉末材料,不仅具有SLS优点,而且成型件致密度更高,力学性能更好;三维打印与胶粘(Three Dimensional Printing and Gluing,3DP)工艺的材料同样为粉末材料,但这些粉末是通过喷头喷涂黏结剂被黏结在一起,同时将零件的截面"印刷"在材料粉末上面,类似于纸张彩色打印,可通过设置三原色黏结剂及喷头系统,实现彩色立体打印。对3D打印材料质量和产量的发展方向也进行了分析和展望。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the 3D printing materials used in six typical 3D printing processes in the field of 3D printing are reviewed. In terms of physical morphology, they mainly include four kinds of liquid Guang Min resin material, thin material (paper, plastic film, low melting point wire and powder material). The composition almost covers all kinds of materials including plastics, resin, wax, metal and alloy materials, ceramic materials and so on. The material of Stereo Lithigraphy apparatus SLAs process is photosensitive liquid resin, that is, Guang Min resin, laminated Object manufacturing process is made of paper, plastic film, etc. The materials used in the fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process are mainly low melting point filamentary materials, such as wax filament, polyolefin resin wire, polyamide wire, ABS plastic wire, etc. The materials of selective laser sintering are various kinds of powder, such as wax wire, polyolefin resin wire, polyamide wire and ABS plastic wire, and the materials used in the melt deposition process are mainly low melting point filaments, such as wax wire, polyolefin resin wire, polyamide wire and so on. It includes nylon powder, glass powder coated with nylon, polycarbonate powder, polyamide powder, wax powder and metal powder. The selective Laser melting process using the same powder material as SLS not only has the advantages of SLS, but also has higher density and better mechanical properties of the molded parts. But these powders are bonded together by sprayed binders, and the section of the parts is "printed" on the material powder, similar to paper color printing, by setting up a trichrome binder and a sprinkler system. Color stereoscopic printing is realized. The development trend of quality and output of 3D printing materials is also analyzed and prospected.
【作者单位】：中国矿业大学材料科学与工程学院;
【基金】：江苏省自然基金项目(BK20141126) 中国矿业大学国家大学生创新训练计划项目(201610290089)
【分类号】：TB30

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