基于碳纤维层合板的冲击损伤与行人头部保护性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 15:54

本文选题：碳纤维复合材料层合板 + 落锤冲击　；参考：《东华大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：节能环保和安全舒适是汽车工业未来发展的趋势。为了减轻汽车质量，减少油耗和环境污染，碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料越来越受到关注。碳纤维复合材料具有轻质高强、可设计性强、耐冲击等优点，并拥有良好的减震性能和较长的使用寿命，因此已经作为卡车、客车、轿车的外覆盖件和结构件应用于汽车工业。层合板是复合材料应用最广泛的结构之一，在制造、安装、维修和使用的过程中，层合板结构不可避免地会受到外部冲击，并受到损伤甚至破坏，特别是应用于汽车发动机罩上时，按照相关行人保护法规的规定，还需要满足保护行人头部的性能要求。因此，对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板的冲击性能和损伤破坏开展研究具有重要的理论意义，同时，探究层合板结构用于发动机罩时对行人头部的保护性能具有一定的工程价值。基于以上目的，本文主要进行了以下几方面的研究：（1）设计了[0]10、[0/90/0/90/0]s和[0/90/45/-45/0]s三种不同铺层方式的层合板，根据经典层合板理论，推导了单层板和层合板的本构关系，并计算了不同铺层方式下的层合板刚度矩阵。（2）采用热压成型工艺制作了如上所述三种铺层方式的层合板，按照ASTM D7136/D7136M-12试验标准制成[0]10、[90]10、[0/90/0/90/0]s、[90/0/90/0/90]s、[0/90/45/-45/0]s、[90/0/-45/45/90]s六种试样，并对每种试样开展了5J和25J两种不同冲击能量下的落锤冲击试验。通过分析冲击过程中的冲击力、冲头位移、能量和冲击损伤情况，建立了冲击响应与冲击损伤之间的联系，并指出不同冲击能量和不同铺层方式下对于冲击响应和冲击损伤的影响。（3）利用ABAQUS建立了复合材料层合板落锤冲击二维壳体有限元模型，，运用Hashin累积损伤与失效法则来模拟层合板的渐进失效。通过对比落锤冲击试验数据，验证所建模型基本有效，并借助纤维拉伸、纤维压缩、树脂拉伸或剪切、树脂压缩四个损伤变量进一步分析损伤发生的位置和损伤原因。（4）利用ABAQUS建立了成人头部冲击器撞击复合材料层合板的有限元模型，并使用工程分析软件DIAdem计算头部损伤指标HIC值。分析了HIC值与撞击时长、最大侵入量和吸收能量的关系，并讨论了不同铺层方式对HIC值的影响。
[Abstract]:Energy saving, environmental protection and safety and comfort are the future development trend of automobile industry. In order to reduce automobile quality, fuel consumption and environmental pollution, carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites have attracted more and more attention. Carbon fiber composites (CFRP) have many advantages, such as light weight and high strength, strong designability, impact resistance and so on, and have good shock absorption performance and long service life. Therefore, carbon fiber composites have been used as outer panels and structural parts of trucks, passenger cars and passenger cars in automobile industry. Laminated plate is one of the most widely used structures in composite materials. In the process of manufacture, installation, maintenance and use, laminated plate structure will inevitably be subjected to external impact, and be damaged or even destroyed. Especially when applied to the automobile engine hood, according to the relevant regulations of pedestrian protection, it is also necessary to meet the performance requirements of the protection of the pedestrian head. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance to study the impact properties and damage failure of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite laminates. It has certain engineering value to explore the protective performance of laminated structure for the head of pedestrian when used in engine hood. Based on the above purposes, this paper mainly carried out the following aspects of research: In this paper, three kinds of laminates with different layering modes [0] 10, [0 / 90 / 0 / 90 / 0] s and [0 / 90 / 45 / -45] s are designed. According to the classical laminated plate theory, the constitutive relations between single layer plate and laminated plate are derived, and the stiffness matrix of laminated plate under different layering modes is calculated. (2) using the hot pressing process, we made laminated plates of the three kinds of layering described above, and made them into [0] 10, [90] 10, [0 / 90 / 90 / 0] s, [90 / 90 / 90 / 90] s, [90 / 90 / 45 / 0] s, [90 / 90% -45 / 45] s, according to the ASTM D7136/D7136M-12 test standard, and carried out a 5J and 25J hammer impact test on each sample. By analyzing the impact force, punch displacement, energy and impact damage, the relationship between impact response and impact damage is established. The effects of different impact energy and different layering modes on shock response and damage are also pointed out. (3) the finite element model of composite laminated plate with drop hammer impact is established by using ABAQUS. The cumulative damage and failure rule of Hashin is used to simulate the progressive failure of laminated plate. By comparing the impact test data of drop weight, it is proved that the model is basically effective, and the location and cause of damage are further analyzed with the help of four damage variables: fiber stretching, fiber compression, resin drawing or shearing, and resin compression. (4) the finite element model of adult head impact composite laminated plate is established by using ABAQUS, and the HIC value of head damage index is calculated by using the engineering analysis software DIAdem. The relationship between HIC value and impact time, maximum invasion amount and absorbed energy is analyzed, and the influence of different layering modes on HIC value is discussed.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ342.742;TB332

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