ZnO低红外辐射和微波吸收复合材料的制备研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 12:45

  本文选题：氧化锌 + 复合材料　； 参考：《安徽理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：红外／雷达兼容隐身是目前隐身材料研究的重点。热稳定性好的半导体材料氧化锌(ZnO)与低密度多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)复合能提高ZnO的吸波性能；磁性金属掺杂ZnO包覆片状铝粉(ZnO/Al)复合材料是红外／雷达兼容隐身功能材料研究的一个重要方向。 本工作首先制备了ZnO粉末及ZnO基复合材料,通过XRD、SEM、TEM和FT-IR等手段表征了样品的形貌和结构；利用IR-2双波段发射率测量仪测试样品在8-14μm波段的红外发射率,通过矢量网络分析仪测试了样品在2-18GHz频段内的微波吸收性能。主要内容和结果如下： 1、采用化学沉淀法制备了ZnO粉末。研究了反应温度、反应时间、反应体系的pH、煅烧温度、锌源、沉淀剂和表面活性剂的种类及用量等对ZnO的红外发射率及微波吸收性能的影响。结果表明：以六水合硝酸锌为锌源、氨水为沉淀剂、聚乙二醇为表面活性剂,反应温度T=55℃C、pH=9、反应2h、400℃C下煅烧2h,制备的ZnO粉末具有较好的红外隐身性能,其红外发射率为0.83,最大微波反射损耗数值为-2.0dB。 2、以硝酸改性处理的MWCNTs和六水合硝酸锌为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,通过化学沉淀法制备氧化锌/多壁碳纳米管(ZnO/MWCNTs)复合材料。利用SEM、 TGA表征了复合材料的微观形貌和热稳定性,考察了MWCNTs对复合材料的红外发射率及微波吸收性能的影响。结果表明：ZnO粒子均匀地负载在MWCNTs管壁上,ZnO/MWCNTs复合材料的热稳定性较MWCNTs有一定的提高；且复合材料在2-18GHz频段最大微波反射损耗为-4.5dB,8-14μm波段的红外发射率为0.81,较纯ZnO的红外隐身和微波吸收性能均有一定的提高。 3、以六水合硝酸锌、磁性金属硝酸盐、片状铝粉和氨水为原料,采用化学沉淀法制备氢氧化锌包覆片状铝粉前驱体,再经高温煅烧制得磁性金属掺杂ZnO包覆片状铝粉复合材料。考察了分散剂的种类对铝粉分散效果的影响及氧化锌的包覆量、磁性金属种类及掺杂量对复合材料的红外发射率和微波吸收性能的影响。结果表明：片状铝粉表面的掺杂金属氧化物呈现类蜂窝状结构；Ni掺杂ZnO/Al复合材料具有最佳的红外/雷达兼容隐身性能：12%(摩尔分数)的Ni掺杂ZnO/Al复合材料(ZnO与片状铝粉质量比为1：1)时,复合材料在8-14μm波段的红外发射率低至0.37,13.6GHz处最大微波反射损耗为-32.5dB。
[Abstract]:Infrared / radar compatible stealth is currently the focus of stealth material research. The high thermal stability semiconductor material zinc oxide (ZnO) and low density multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can improve the microwave absorption properties of ZnO. Magnetic metal-doped ZnO coated sheet aluminum powder ZnO / Al composite is an important research direction of infrared / radar compatible stealth functional materials. In this work, ZnO powder and ZnO matrix composites were prepared, the morphology and structure of the samples were characterized by XRDX SEMTEM and FT-IR, and the infrared emissivity of the samples in 8-14 渭 m band was measured by IR-2 dual-band emissivity measurement instrument. The microwave absorption properties of the samples in the 2-18GHz band were measured by a vector network analyzer. The main elements and results are as follows: 1. ZnO powder was prepared by chemical precipitation method. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, pH of reaction system, calcination temperature, zinc source, type and amount of precipitators and surfactants on the infrared emissivity and microwave absorption of ZnO were studied. The results showed that the ZnO powder prepared by using zinc nitrate hexahydrate as zinc source, ammonia water as precipitant, polyethylene glycol as surfactant, reaction temperature 55 鈩，

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