贵金属纳米材料的制备及其电催化

发布时间：2018-06-02 07:53

本文选题：贵金属纳米材料 + 直接醇类燃料电池　；参考：《苏州科技学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：纳米材料具有独特的电学、光学、热学和催化性能。其中贵金属纳米材料与其它纳米材料相比,具有稳定性高,导电性好,生物相容性强,磁学、光学性能独特等优势。通过控制贵金属纳米材料的组成、形貌和粒径大小可以提高它们的催化性能。本论文主要研究贵金属纳米材料的合成及其在直接醇类燃料电池和电化学传感器方面的应用,其主要研究内容如下：(1)在离子液体[C16MMIm]Br(1-十六烷基-2,3-二甲基咪唑溴盐)作为捕捉剂和结构导向剂的作用下,采用温和、简单的一锅煮溶剂热法合成了均匀负载在石墨烯上的花形Pt-Ag合金(记为Pt-Ag/RGO),用于催化02的还原。合成的纳米复合物与商业的Pt黑、Pt-C(10wt%)及石墨烯催化剂相比,具有更大的电化学活性面积,更好的催化性能,更高的耐甲醇活性,以及催化氧还原反应的良好稳定性。(2)在咖啡因作为捕捉剂和结构导向剂的作用下,采用简单、快速、温和的一步共还原法合成了负载在石墨烯上的Au-Pt纳米链(记为Au-Pt/RGO)。合成材料与商业的Pt黑及Pt-C相比,对甲醇和乙二醇氧化具有较大的电化学活性面积,增强的电催化性能和稳定性。(3)采用咖啡因辅助合成了负载在石墨烯上的Pt-Pd核壳纳米结构颗粒(记为Pt-Pd/RGO)。此方法温和、快速且不需使用任何模板。合成的材料与Pt/RGO, Pd/RGO,商业的Pt黑及Pd黑相比,对甲醇氧化具有增大的电化学活性面积,增强的电催化性能及改善的稳定性。(4)在咖啡因作为捕捉剂及结构导向剂的作用下,采用简单、直接的共化学还原法合成了均匀负载在石墨烯上的Pd-Au纳米链(记为Pd-Au/RGO)。合成的材料与商业的Pd黑及Pd-C相比,对氧还原反应具有更好的电催化性能。(5)在N-甲基咪唑为结构导向剂的作用下,采用一步电沉积法合成多孔金纳米片修饰的玻碳电极,并在磷酸盐溶液中采用差分脉冲伏安法实现对多巴胺、对乙酰氨基酚的选择性或同时检测。多巴胺(2.0～298.0μM)和对乙酰氨基酚(3.0～320.0μM)的氧化峰电流随着浓度的增加而线性增加。多巴胺的检测限为0.28μM,对乙酰氨基酚的检测限为0.23μM(S/N=3)。
[Abstract]:Nanomaterials have unique electrical, optical, thermal and catalytic properties. Compared with other nanomaterials, noble metal nanomaterials have the advantages of high stability, good electrical conductivity, strong biocompatibility, unique magnetic and optical properties and so on. The catalytic properties of noble metal nanomaterials can be improved by controlling their composition, morphology and particle size. In this paper, the synthesis of noble metal nanomaterials and their applications in direct alcohol fuel cells and electrochemical sensors are studied. The main research contents are as follows: (1) under the action of ionic liquid [C16MMIm] Br-1-hexadecyl-2-dimethyl imidazolium bromide) as trapping agent and structural guidance agent, A simple one-pot solvothermal method was used to synthesize a flower-shaped Pt-Ag alloy (Pt-Ag / RGON) loaded uniformly on graphene, which was used to catalyze the reduction of O2. Compared with commercial Pt black Pt-C (10 wt) and graphene catalysts, the synthesized nanocomposites have a larger electrochemical activity area, better catalytic performance and higher methanol resistance. Under the action of caffeine as trapping agent and structure-oriented agent, Au-Pt nanowires supported on graphene were synthesized by a simple, rapid and mild one-step co-reduction method (Au-Pt / RGON). Compared with commercial Pt black and Pt-C, the synthesized materials have a larger electrochemical active area for methanol and ethylene glycol oxidation. Pt-Pd core-shell nanoparticles supported on graphene (Pt-Pd / RGOA) were synthesized by caffeine assisted synthesis of enhanced electrocatalytic properties and stability. This method is mild, fast and does not require any templates. Compared with PT / RGO, PD / RGO, commercial Pt / RGOand PD black, the synthesized materials have a larger electrochemical active area, enhanced electrocatalytic performance and improved stability in methanol oxidation under the action of caffeine as trapping agent and structural guidance agent. A simple and direct co-chemical reduction method was used to synthesize Pd-Au nanochains (denoted as Pd-Aur / RGON) loaded uniformly on graphene. Compared with commercial PD black and Pd-C, the synthesized materials have better electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction. 5) the glassy carbon electrode modified by porous gold nanoparticles was synthesized by one-step electrodeposition under the action of N-methylimidazole as structural guide. The selective or simultaneous detection of dopamine and paracetamol was achieved by differential pulse voltammetry in phosphate solution. The oxidation peak currents of dopamine (2.0) and acetaminophen (3.0 ~ 320.0 渭 M) increased linearly with the increase of concentration. The detection limit of dopamine was 0.28 渭 m, and that of paracetamol was 0.23 渭 M.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O643.36;TB383.1

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