碳纳米管分散液的制备及应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 01:49

本文选题：碳纳米管 + 分散液　；参考：《南昌大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着纳米技术的不断发展,碳纳米管以其优异的电、热、磁等性能被世人所关注。但是,由于传统的碳纳米管弯曲缠绕很难被分散到各种溶剂中而限制了其应用。本课题努力探索出一种新型制备碳纳米管的方法,该方法制备出的碳纳米管具有很好的直线型,经环境扫描电镜和透射电镜分析检测后还发现,它是很好的一维材料,几乎不缠绕,管径在40-100nm之间,且具有很大的长径比,约为20:1。碳纳米管内部为中空结构,内径约为4nm,内部结构就像是多层石墨层卷成圆形累积叠加的效果。实验对制备的碳纳米管进行了不同分散体系中分散剂的种类、含量以及碳纳米管的含量对碳纳米管的分散性研究。结果表明,在水性体系中,水性专用的纳米材料分散剂比常规的水性分散剂十二烷基硫酸钠在分散碳纳米管时效果更好,随着球磨时间的增加,对应的滴样电阻值并没有很好的改善,说明球磨时间对水性体系的滴样电阻值影响很小。在乙醇体系中,探究了不同分散剂的含量对分散液的分散性影响,结果表明,随着分散剂含量的增加,分散效果增加,球磨24h时对应的电阻值最小。在NMP体系中,可以得出碳纳米管含量的增加,滴样电阻值大幅度减小,这与碳纳米管本身具有良好的导电性有关。根据滴样测试还可以得出,在NMP体系中,碳纳米管在分散剂存在时能很好的分散且滴样电阻值与球磨时间几乎无关。对碳纳米管进行酸化、胺化改性处理得到修饰化的碳纳米管,将修饰化后的碳纳米管分别溶于水中比较分散性效果,结果表明,酸化的碳纳米管具有最好的分散性,能保持25d不沉淀,扫描电镜分析可知,酸化对碳纳米管的本身的结构损坏较少,能很好的保持碳纳米管原来的形貌,而碳纳米管经胺化后,其本身结构很大程度上被破坏。用不同的碳纳米管分散液与纸浆经高速剪切等方法制备碳纳米管导电纸并进行表征,结果表明,制备出的碳纳米管导电纸中碳纳米管能很好的形成导电网络,降低导电纸的电阻,增加电磁屏蔽效能。将该导电纸应用于电池集流体中代替传统的石墨,可以提高电池62%的充放电时间。改性后的碳纳米管导电纸在提高电磁屏蔽效能和电池的充放电时间上效果更明显。实验还研究了碳纳米管对环境污染物-五氯苯酚的吸附性,实验表明,五氯苯酚溶液的浓度在0.386~4.045 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,最大紫外吸收波长为217nm,相关度r2=0.9999。多壁碳纳米管在甲醇体系中对五氯苯酚的吸附在很短的时间就能达到平衡。不同温度时,多壁碳纳米管对五氯苯酚的吸附很好的符合Freundlich吸附等温模型,随着初始浓度的增加,吸附量增加,随着温度的升高,吸附量降低。
[Abstract]:With the development of nanotechnology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention for their excellent electrical, thermal and magnetic properties. However, traditional carbon nanotube winding is difficult to be dispersed into various solvents, which limits its application. In this paper, we try to find out a new method of preparing carbon nanotubes, which has a good linear shape. It is also found that it is a good one-dimensional material after environmental scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The diameter of the tube is between 40-100nm and has a large aspect ratio of about 20: 1. The inner structure of carbon nanotubes is hollow and the inner diameter is about 4 nm. The dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in different dispersion systems was studied in this paper, including the kinds of dispersants, the content of dispersants and the content of CNTs. The results show that the dispersant of waterborne nano-materials is better than the conventional water-borne dispersant sodium dodecyl sulfate in dispersing carbon nanotubes, and with the increase of milling time, The corresponding drop resistance value is not improved well, which indicates that the ball milling time has little effect on the drop resistance value of waterborne system. In ethanol system, the effect of different dispersant content on dispersion was investigated. The results showed that with the increase of dispersant content, the dispersion effect increased, and the resistance value of ball milling for 24 hours was the smallest. In NMP system, the increase of carbon nanotube content and the decrease of drop resistance value can be obtained, which is related to the good conductivity of carbon nanotubes. According to the drop test, the carbon nanotubes can be dispersed well in the presence of dispersant in NMP system, and the drop resistance is almost independent of milling time. Carbon nanotubes were acidified and aminated to obtain modified carbon nanotubes. The modified carbon nanotubes were dissolved in water respectively. The results showed that the acidified carbon nanotubes had the best dispersity. The results of SEM show that acidification has little damage to the CNTs' structure, and can keep the original morphology of CNTs well. However, after amination, the structure of CNTs is destroyed to a great extent. Carbon nanotube conductive paper was prepared with different carbon nanotube dispersions and pulp by high-speed shear. The results showed that the carbon nanotube conductive paper could form a good conductive network in the carbon nanotube conductive paper. Reduce the resistance of conductive paper and increase electromagnetic shielding efficiency. The charge and discharge time of the battery can be increased by 62% by using the conductive paper instead of the traditional graphite. The modified carbon nanotube conductive paper is more effective in improving the electromagnetic shielding efficiency and the charge / discharge time of the battery. The adsorption of PCP on carbon nanotubes was also studied. The experimental results showed that the concentration of PCP solution had a good linear relationship in the range of 0.386n 4.045 mg/L, the maximum UV absorption wavelength was 217nmand the correlation degree was r2999999. The adsorption of PCP by multiwalled carbon nanotubes in methanol system can reach equilibrium in a very short time. At different temperatures, the adsorption of PCP by multi-walled carbon nanotubes was in good agreement with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. With the increase of initial concentration, the adsorption capacity increased, and the adsorption capacity decreased with the increase of temperature.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O613.71;TB383.1

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