一维光子晶体在红外隐身材料应用方面的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-06-05 14:29

本文选题：红外探测 + 隐身技术　；参考：《华中科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代科技的进步,各类先进探测器以及精确制导技术获得了快速发展,雷达和红外探测技术作为常用的探测技术也在军事探测方面得到了越来越广泛的应用。这些先进的探测技术和手段,将会使得传统军事目标系统面临的威胁越来越大。所以,怎样最大程度地降低暴露目标物体的特征,已经引起了全世界科学家们的广泛关注和重视。因此,隐身技术俨然已成为最重要的和最可靠的军事战术技术。隐身材料技术中最重要的研究方向是针对雷达和红外的兼容隐身功能。然而,由于军事隐身材料在雷达波段范围内,要求具有高的吸收率和低反射率,而在红外波段却往往要求具有低发射率。要想在上述两个波段同时具有高吸收和低发射是非常困难的。目前,虽然有大量的研究都集中在了雷达吸波材料上面,并且在雷达波段取得了优良的雷达隐身性能,但这些雷达吸波材料在红外波段却具有较高的发射率。也有很多研究报道,在红外波段也可以取得较低的发射率,但在雷达波段通常会展示出较高的反射率。但是,关于雷达红外兼容隐身方面的报道却少之又少。在过去的研究中,由于光子晶体在对内部光源的辐射控制方面具有极大的应用潜力而得到了人们越来越多的关注,它对能量位于禁带范围内的入射电磁波具有较高的反射率特性。这些光子晶体材料具有不同于单一介质和金属的独特电磁学性质,它可以禁止某些具有特定频率的电磁波传播。我们也可以将这些光子晶体叫做光子带隙材料,没有任何光子态密度存在。所以红外隐身可以由光子禁带落在红外波段的光子晶体材料来实现。在本文中,提出并通过数值计算以及实验等方面设计了一种可应用于雷达-红外兼容隐身的新型双异质结复合光子晶体材料。首先,根据薄膜光学理论中的传输矩阵方法计算了所设计结构的传输特性,该结构由具有不同厚度的锗层和硫化锌层组成。计算结果表明,一维光子晶体在单一波段范围内,随着周期数的增加可以获得超高的反射率。然后,基于分布式布拉格反射微腔原理,提出了由四个周期光学厚度分别为0.797μm、0.592μm、1.480μm和2.114μm的光子晶体所组成的双异质结复合光子晶体结构。计算结果表明,所设计的双异质结光子晶体结构在红外双波段3~5μm和8~14μm范围内具有大于0.99的超高反射率,并且实验结果与计算仿真结果吻合的较好。进一步实验结果表明,与传统红外隐身材料相比该结构在红外双波段3~5μm和8~14μm的发射率分别低至0.073和0.042。另外,由于该结构在雷达波段具有超高透射特性,可以用来构建雷达红外兼容隐身材料。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern science and technology, various kinds of advanced detectors and precision guidance technology have been developed rapidly, radar and infrared detection technology as common detection technology has been more and more widely used in military detection. These advanced detection techniques and methods will make the traditional military target system face more and more threats. Therefore, how to minimize the characteristics of exposed objects has attracted the attention of scientists all over the world. Therefore, stealth technology has become the most important and reliable military tactics technology. The most important research direction of stealth material technology is the compatible stealth function of radar and infrared. However, military stealth materials require high absorptivity and low reflectivity in the range of radar band, but low emissivity in infrared band. It is very difficult to have both high absorption and low emission in these two bands. At present, although a great deal of research is focused on radar absorbing materials and excellent radar stealth performance is obtained in radar band, these radar absorbing materials have high emissivity in infrared band. There are also many reports that low emissivity can be obtained in the infrared band, but high reflectivity is usually shown in the radar band. However, there are few reports of radar infrared compatible stealth. In the past, photonic crystals have attracted more and more attention because of their great application potential in radiation control of internal light sources. It has high reflectivity to incident electromagnetic waves with energy in the band gap range. These photonic crystal materials have unique electromagnetic properties which are different from single medium and metal. They can prevent the propagation of certain electromagnetic waves with specific frequencies. We can also call these photonic crystals photonic bandgap materials without any density of photon states. Therefore, infrared stealth can be achieved by photonic crystal materials with photonic band gap falling in infrared band. In this paper, a novel dual-heterojunction photonic crystal material, which can be used for radar infrared compatible stealth, is proposed and designed by numerical calculation and experiments. Firstly, the transmission characteristics of the designed structure are calculated according to the transfer matrix method in thin film optics theory. The structure consists of germanium layer and zinc sulfide layer with different thickness. The calculated results show that the high reflectivity of one-dimensional photonic crystals can be obtained with the increase of the number of periods in a single band. Then, based on the principle of distributed Bragg reflection microcavity, a double heterojunction photonic crystal structure consisting of four photonic crystals with the optical thickness of 0.797 渭 m 0.52 渭 m and 2.114 渭 m is proposed. The calculated results show that the designed double heterojunction photonic crystal structure has a super-high reflectivity of more than 0.99 in the range of 3 渭 m and 814 渭 m in the infrared dual band, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the calculated results. The further experimental results show that the emissivity of the structure is as low as 0.073 and 0.042, respectively, when compared with the conventional infrared stealth material. In addition, the structure can be used to construct infrared compatible stealth materials because of its ultra-high transmission in radar band.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O734;TB34

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