硅系气凝胶保温纺织复合材料的制备与性能

发布时间：2018-06-06 13:44

  本文选题：SiO2气凝胶 + 纺织　； 参考：《西安工程大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,保温保暖的纺织服装产品主要采用增加织物厚度或改变织物组织结构,含空气保暖;将铁粉、远红外陶瓷粉末等混入聚合物纺丝,利用化学反应和吸收红外线辐射保温。本实验制备的SiO2气凝胶保温纺织复合材料是以纯棉白坯布为基布,以聚氨酯为粘结剂和交联剂,用SiO2气凝胶做保温增强相的一种复合涂层织物。首先,实验以TEOS为硅源,盐酸和氨水为催化剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法和常温干燥技术制备SiO2气凝胶,研究不同p H值、Et OH/TEOS摩尔比、水/TEOS摩尔比、反应温度及搅拌速度对SiO2气凝胶密度的影响,采用正交实验得出最佳制备工艺:p H值为7,Et OH/TEOS摩尔比为8,水/TEOS摩尔比为6,温度为50℃,转速为100r/min。对SiO2气凝胶溶胶进行表面后处理改性,以三甲基氯硅烷为改性剂,得出改性较优条件:改性时间为72h。经测试分析,SiO2气凝胶为振实密度为0.263 g/cm3,改性后SiO2气凝胶具备疏水性。其次,采用共混法制备SiO2气凝胶复合整理剂,通过直接涂层法制备SiO2气凝胶复合材料。对影响复合整理的因素进行实验分析,得出较优整理工艺:以稀释50%的乙醇为溶剂,每份整理剂共30g;SiO2气凝胶含量为0.25g,聚氨酯含量为10g,交联温度为90℃,SiO2气凝胶粒径为300目。经测试表征,SiO2气凝胶保温纺织复合材料保温率及保温综合值比原布明显增加,原布保温率为13.9%,复合材料保温率为28.97%;透气率下降;SiO2气凝胶粒子均匀附着织物表面,且部分聚氨酯与棉纤维交联。最后,对SiO2气凝胶保温纺织复合材料进行织物强力、热阻湿阻和风格等综合测试。SiO2气凝胶保温纺织复合材料与原布相比,抗应变能力、抗拉伸变形能力以及拉伸回复率有所增加,压缩回复率增大,剪切回弹性变好;蓬松度变差,表面手感变粗糙,光滑感略差,弯曲刚度与弯曲滞后量有所降低,但身骨和活络性更好,匀整性变好,表面更为平整。SiO2气凝胶保温纺织复合材料断裂强力比原布略大,顶破强力无变化;热阻湿阻变大,透湿变差,保温效果变好。
[Abstract]:At present, the textile and clothing products with thermal insulation are mainly used to increase the fabric thickness or change the fabric structure, which contains air to keep warm; iron powder and far-infrared ceramic powder are mixed into polymer spinning, and thermal insulation is obtained by chemical reaction and absorption of infrared radiation. The SiO2 aerogel insulating textile composite is a composite coated fabric with pure cotton white grey cloth as substrate, polyurethane as binder and crosslinking agent, and SiO2 aerogel as heat preservation and reinforcement phase. Firstly, SiO2 aerogels were prepared with TEOS as silicon source and hydrochloric acid and ammonia as catalyst by sol-gel method and normal temperature drying technique. The effects of reaction temperature and stirring speed on the density of SiO2 aerogel were studied. The optimum preparation process was obtained by orthogonal experiment. The optimum preparation process was: the molar ratio of 7 t OH/TEOS to 7% p H was 8, the molar ratio of water to TEOS was 6, the temperature was 50 鈩，

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