高剥离度活性有机蒙脱土的制备及应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 22:07

本文选题：剥离 + 新型活性有机土　；参考：《青岛科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：少量的纳米级蒙脱土可明显提高高分子材料的热稳定性、物理机械性能等。聚合物/纳米蒙脱土材料作为一种新型的纳米复合材料,具有传统聚合物/无机填料复合材料无法比拟的优点,因此,制备能够在聚合物中更好发挥纳米效应的有机蒙脱土是制备高性能复合材料的关键。传统的惰性有机蒙脱土常用碳链长度在C12到C18之间的烷基溴化铵和烷基氯化铵进行改性,层间距通常在1.5~3.5nm之间,对复合材料的性能提高不显著。因此如何制备高剥离度的有机蒙脱土成为改性硅酸盐粒子的难题,迄今为止还没有文献报道过改性的有机蒙脱土层间距超过6nm。本论文采用自己合成的阳离子水性大分子聚氨酯作为插层剂改性钠基蒙脱土得到高剥离的新型活性有机蒙脱土。深入研究了活性有机土的含量对聚氨酯弹性体和橡胶性能的影响。本论文具体包括以下三部分:1、详细探究了新型活性有机蒙脱土的制备。创新的采用自制的端羟基和双键封端的阳离子聚氨酯作为插层剂,在高速搅拌超声下对钠基蒙脱土进行改性,最后经洗涤、过滤、研磨后制备出活性有机蒙脱土。对制备的有机土进行红外、热重、X衍射和透射电镜等分析表征,结果表明:用两种相对分子质量不同的水性聚氨酯制备出两种活性土,一是含活性羟基聚合物改性的蒙脱土(HOMMT),层间距为6.29 nm;二是含活性双键聚合物改性的蒙脱土(DOMMT),完全剥离。2、详细探究了HOMMT对聚氨酯弹性体的性能影响。本论文将层间距为6.29nm的活性有机蒙脱土加入到聚氨酯弹性体中,详细的探讨了有机土含量对弹性体力学和热力学性能的影响。采用X衍射、差热扫描量热法、扫描电镜、透射电镜、材料拉伸机、热失重分析等检测手段分别对复合材料的结构和性能进行了分析表征。结果表明:当有机蒙脱土的质量百分含量为2%时,片层硅酸盐粒子在聚氨酯基体内分散较均匀,形成了以剥离型为主、插层型为辅的复合型结构。聚醚型聚氨酯脲复合材料的拉伸强度比纯聚氨酯脲提高了21%,断裂伸长率提高了12%,复合材料的玻璃化转变温度提高了5.8℃,第一失重区最高分解温度和第二失重区的最高分解温度高出纯聚氨酯10.3℃和12.7℃。无机纳米片层硅酸盐粒子的存在,聚氨酯橡胶的强度、韧性和热稳定性均得到改善。3、详细探究了DOMMT对氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)复合材料性能的影响。本论文制备了一系列DOMMT/HNBR纳米复合材料,探究了DOMMT的含量对氢化丁腈复合材料机械、热力学性能的影响。采用扫描电镜、材料拉伸机、阿克隆磨耗机、热失重分析、动态热机械分析等检测手段分别对HNBR/DOMMT复合材料的结构性能进行了分析表征。结果证明:DOMMT中的活性双键会与氢化丁腈橡胶大分子链中双键发生交联反应。加入DOMMT后,HNBR纳米复合材料的力学性能、热力学性能以及动态性能都有很大程度的提高,且DOMMT对HNBR复合材料有增韧效果。3份的DOMMT使复合材料的耐磨性提高了24.7%,硬度提高了6%,抗拉强度提高了4 MPa,撕裂强度提高了30%。
[Abstract]:A small amount of nanoscale montmorillonite can obviously improve the thermal stability and physical and mechanical properties of polymer materials. As a new type of nanocomposite, polymer / nano montmorillonite has an incomparable advantage to the traditional polymer / inorganic filler composites. Therefore, the preparation of nano effect can be made in the polymer. The mechanical montmorillonite is the key to the preparation of high performance composites. The conventional inert organic montmorillonite is modified by the alkyl ammonium bromide and alkyl ammonium chloride between C12 and C18. The interval between layers is usually between 1.5~3.5nm, and the properties of the composites are not significantly improved. The problem of sex silicate particles has not been reported so far. The modified organic montmorillonite is more than 6nm., and the cationic aqueous macromolecule polyurethane is used as the intercalating agent modified sodium montmorillonite to get high peeling active organic montmorillonite. The effect of ammonia ester elastomer and rubber properties. This paper includes the following three parts: 1, the preparation of new active organic montmorillonite is discussed in detail. The innovative cationic polyurethane with the hydroxyl and double bond ends as intercalation agent is used to modify the sodium montmorillonite under high speed stirring, and finally washed, filtered and studied. The active organic montmorillonite was prepared after grinding. The prepared organic soil was characterized by infrared, thermogravimetric, X diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that two kinds of active soil were prepared by two kinds of aqueous polyurethane with different molecular weight, one was HOMMT with active hydroxyl polymer, and the interval of layer was 6.29 nm, and two was active double. The bond polymer modified montmorillonite (DOMMT) was completely stripped of.2, and the effect of HOMMT on the properties of polyurethane elastomer was investigated in detail. In this paper, the active organic montmorillonite with the interval of 6.29nm was added to the polyurethane elastomer, and the effects of the organic soil content on the elastic physical and thermodynamic properties were discussed in detail. The X diffraction and differential thermal sweep were used. The structure and properties of the composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, material stretching machine and thermal weight loss analysis. The results showed that when the mass content of the organic montmorillonite was 2%, the layer silicate particles were dispersed more evenly in the polyurethane base, forming a peeling type and intercalation. The tensile strength of polyether polyurethane urea composites increased by 21%, the elongation at break increased by 12%, the glass transition temperature of the composites increased by 5.8, and the highest decomposition temperature in the first weightless zone and the highest decomposition temperature in the second weightless zone were higher than the pure polyurethane 10.3 and 12.7 centigrade. The presence of nanoscalililicate particles, the strength, toughness and thermal stability of the polyurethane rubber were improved.3. The effect of DOMMT on the properties of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) composites was investigated in detail. A series of DOMMT/HNBR nanocomposites were prepared in this paper, and the content of DOMMT was investigated for the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of hydrogenated nitrile composites. The structural properties of HNBR/DOMMT composites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, material stretching machine, Akron wear machine, thermal weight loss analysis and dynamic thermomechanical analysis. The results show that the active double bond in DOMMT will cross link with the double bond in the hydrogenated butadiene rubber macromolecule chain. After DOMMT, the mechanical properties, thermodynamic properties and dynamic properties of the HNBR nanocomposites have been greatly improved. The wear resistance of the composites is increased by 24.7%, the hardness is increased by 6%, the tensile strength is increased by 4 MPa, and the tear strength increases 30%., and the tensile strength of the composite material has a.3 portion of DOMMT.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB332

【参考文献】