天然纤维基新型吸油材料的设计、制备及应用

发布时间：2018-06-16 12:42

本文选题：天然纤维 + 乙基纤维素　；参考：《长安大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：天然纤维是一类主要来源于天然植物纤维的可再生原料,其主要成分为纤维素,半纤维素和木质素。天然纤维类材料具有来源广泛、价格低廉、可生物降解等诸多优点,然而大量的天然纤维一直未得到有效利用,被废弃的天然纤维在自然腐烂或焚烧过程中会造成环境的污染和资源的巨大浪费。这些废弃物或被焚烧造成环境污染,或自然腐烂造成资源浪费。为了解决这一现状,本课题以三种不同的天然纤维为原材料,结合各自的结构优势,分别通过三种不同的改性方法,制备了三种新型吸油材料,并考察了它们的吸油性能。具体研究内容如下:(1)乙基纤维素基聚MMA-BA复合高吸油树脂的制备及性能以废弃棉织物中的棉纤维所制备的乙基纤维素(EC)为基体,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为接枝单体,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,通过接枝共聚成功制备了一种新型复合高吸油树脂(EC-g-P(MMA-co-BA))。通过FT-IR、SEM对EC-g-P(MMA-co-BA)的结构和形貌进行了表征,并对其制备条件、吸油性能和动力学进行了探讨和分析。结果表明,当m(BA):m(MMA)=1:1,ω(BPO)=0.3%,ω(MBA)=0.01%,ω(EC)=0.83%时所制备的树脂吸油性能最好。准二级动力学模型可以较为完整的描述该树脂的吸油过程,平衡时间大约为1.5 h,其对四种油性物质的吸油速率大小依次为:甲苯邻二甲苯二氯甲烷三氯甲烷。(2)乙酰化悬铃木果毛吸油材料的制备及其性能基于悬铃木果毛(Platanus fruit fibers,PFFs)独特的空心管状结构,利用乙酰化的改性方法,成功的合成了一种新型高效吸油材料。采用红外光谱(FTIR)和场发射电子扫描电镜(FE-SEM)分别表征了原料和产物的结构。分别考察了液固比、催化剂浓度、反应温度、反应时间对产物质量增加量(Weight percentage gain,WPG)和吸油量的影响。结果表明,相比于原始悬铃木果毛(Pristine platanus fruit fibers,p-PFFs),乙酰化悬铃木果毛(Acetylated platanus fruit fibers,a-PFFs)对各种油和有机溶剂的吸附量显著提高。动力学研究表明,准二级动力学能很好的描述其吸附行为。保油实验中,载满油的a-PFFs在两个小时之后仅损失了不到30%的载油,表现出了很强的保油能力。此外,实验证实,利用正己烷对载油的a-PFFs进行解吸,可实现对该高效吸油材料的至少八次重复利用。天然可再生的PFFs,为日益严重的油类污染提供了新思路。(3)磁性椰糠粉吸油材料的制备及其性能作为椰子树的主要副产物,椰糠粉(Coco peat powder,CPD)是一个优异的环境友好吸油材料的来源。对椰糠粉的开发利用,可有效减轻大量废弃CPD所产生的环境污染。利用聚多巴胺的粘附性实现Fe_3O_4纳米粒子在CPD表面的有效粘附,继而引入十八胺制备出了高疏水的磁性椰糠壳粉(Magnetic coco peat powder,MCPD)。制备得到的MCPD具有高疏水性(接触角:135±3o)以及稳定的磁性(饱和磁性为27.6 emu/g),从而表现出了高效的油水分离性能和外加磁场下的优异分离性能。结果表明,MCPD可最多吸附吸附其自身重量的8.57倍的油,同时通过乙醇对载油MCPD的脱洗,可轻松实现MCPD11次以上的重复利用。本章制备出的高效环保吸油材料MCPD在油类污染处理领域有着广阔的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Natural fiber is a kind of renewable raw material which is mainly derived from natural plant fiber. Its main components are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Natural fiber materials have many advantages, such as wide source, low price, and biodegradation. However, a large number of natural fibers have not been effectively used, and the natural fibers are discarded in nature. In the process of decay or incineration it will cause environmental pollution and great waste of resources. These wastes or incineration causes environmental pollution or natural decay to cause waste of resources. In order to solve this situation, the subject takes three different natural fibers as raw materials and combined with their respective structure advantages, through three different methods of modification, respectively. Three new oil absorbing materials were prepared and their oil absorption properties were investigated. The specific research contents were as follows: (1) the preparation and properties of Ethyl Cellulose Based Poly (MMA-BA) composite high oil absorption resin were based on the ethyl cellulose (EC) as the matrix, methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) as graft monomers. A new type of compound high oil absorption resin (EC-g-P (MMA-co-BA)) was successfully prepared by graft copolymerization of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator, N, N '- methylene double acrylamide (MBA). The structure and morphology of EC-g-P (MMA-co-BA) were characterized by FT-IR and SEM, and the preparation conditions, oil absorption properties and kinetics were explored. The results show that when m (BA): m (MMA) =1:1, omega (BPO) =0.3%, omega (MBA) =0.01%, and omega (EC) =0.83%, the oil absorption properties of the resin are best. The quasi two stage kinetic model can describe the oil absorption process of the resin more completely, the equilibrium time is about 1.5 h, and the oil absorption rate of four oil-based substances is in the order of the toluene adjacent two a. Methylene dichloromethane trichloromethane. (2) the preparation and performance of acetylated Cambrian fruit oil absorption material and its properties are based on the unique hollow tubular structure of Platanus fruit fibers (PFFs). A new type of high efficiency oil absorption material was synthesized by acetylation modification method. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission electron scanning electron microscopy were used. (FE-SEM) the structure of the raw materials and products were characterized respectively. The effects of the liquid solid ratio, the concentration of the catalyst, the reaction temperature and the reaction time on the mass increase of the product (Weight percentage gain, WPG) and the amount of oil absorption were respectively investigated. The results showed that compared to the original fruit of the Cambrian (Pristine Platanus fruit fibers, p-PFFs), the acetylation of the fruit of the suspension tree (Ace) Tylated Platanus fruit fibers, a-PFFs) increased the adsorption of various oil and organic solvents significantly. Kinetic study showed that quasi two kinetics could describe its adsorption behavior well. In the oil preservation experiment, the oil carrying a-PFFs lost less than 30% of the oil carrying capacity after two hours, showing a strong oil holding capacity. Furthermore, the experimental certificate was proved. In fact, the use of hexane to desorb the oil carrying a-PFFs can be reused at least eight times for the high efficiency oil absorption material. Natural renewable PFFs provides a new idea for the increasingly serious oil pollution. (3) preparation and performance of magnetic coconut bran oil absorption material and its performance as the main by-product of coconut tree, coconut bran powder (Coco peat powder, CPD) The development and utilization of coconut bran powder can effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by a large number of waste CPD. The adhesion of dopamine to the effective adhesion of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles on the surface of CPD is realized, and the high hydrophobic magnetic coconut shell powder (Magnetic coco PEA) is prepared by the introduction of eighteen amine. T powder, MCPD). The prepared MCPD has high hydrophobicity (contact angle: 135 + 3O) and stable magnetic (saturation magnetism is 27.6 emu/g), which shows high efficiency oil water separation performance and excellent separation performance under applied magnetic field. The results show that MCPD can adsorb up to 8.57 times the oil of its own weight by adsorbing up to 8.57 times of its own weight. The dewashing of oil MCPD can easily achieve repeated use of MCPD11 times. The efficient and environmentally friendly oil absorption material produced in this chapter, MCPD, has a broad application prospect in the field of oil pollution treatment.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB34

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