钯复合纳米材料的制备、表征及应用

发布时间：2018-06-17 12:15

本文选题：钯复合纳米材料 + 水凝胶　；参考：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：金属纳米材料因其独特的光学、电学、生物、催化和化学性质引起了科学工作者的广泛关注。其中,钯纳米材料由于具有量子尺寸效应、表面效应、体积效应及宏观量子隧道效应等性质已广泛应用于传感器、生物医学、环境化学以及催化等多种领域。钯纳米材料的性质与其粒径大小、形貌和载体材料有着重要关系,因此发展制备小粒径的钯纳米颗粒并将其负载在比表面积较大的载体上的新方法和开展其应用研究已成为研究热点之一。鉴于此,本学位论文在前人工作的基础上,围绕钯复合纳米材料的制备和应用开展了下述研究。第一章：介绍了钯纳米材料的性质、制备方法和主要应用。第二章：通过一步自组装方法原位合成了三维多孔钯纳米颗粒-石墨烯(Pd/graphene)复合水凝胶,并对其形貌、结构和性质进行了表征。结果表明,Pd/graphene复合水凝胶具有三维多孔网状结构,有效地抑制了石墨烯层的团聚,增大了复合纳米材料的比表面积,提高了其催化性能。在此基础上,考察了Pd/graphene复合水凝胶对NaBh4降解染料等环境中有机污染物的催化作用,重复使用六次后其催化效率仍高达97%。第三章：通过一锅水热法原位合成了三维石墨烯/多壁碳纳米管/钯纳米颗粒(G/MWCNTs/Pd)复合水凝胶,并对其形貌、结构和性质进行了表征。该G/MWCNTs/Pd复合纳米材料具有多孔结构、较大的比表面积和良好的稳定性。在此基础上,考察了该复合纳米材料对铃木偶联反应的催化性能。结果表明,该催化剂对铃木反应具有良好的催化活性和选择性。此外,考察了用G/MWCNTs/Pd复合纳米材料修饰的玻碳电极检测过氧化氢的可行性。结果表明,以此电极作为工作电极所建立的分析方法的线性范围为0.005 mM-9.0 mM,检出限为0.16μM。第四章：首先用羧甲基纤维素钠修饰二硫化钼(MOS2)纳米片,然后通过化学还原法制备了钯纳米颗粒-二硫化钼(Pd/MoS2)复合纳米材料,并对其结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,Pd/MoS2复合纳米材料对NaBH4降解硝基苯酚类有机污染物具有良好的催化性能,且重复使用六次后其催化效率仍然高达94%。
[Abstract]:Metal nanomaterials have attracted wide attention due to their unique optical, electrical, biological, catalytic and chemical properties. Among them, palladium nanomaterials have been widely used in many fields such as sensors, biomedical, environmental chemistry and catalysis because of their quantum size effect, surface effect, volume effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect. The properties of palladium nanomaterials are related to their particle size, morphology and support materials. Therefore, the development of a new method of preparing small particle size palladium nanoparticles and loading them on the carrier with large specific surface area has become one of the research hotspots. In view of this, this dissertation has carried out the following research on the preparation and application of palladium composite nanomaterials on the basis of previous work. Chapter 1: the properties, preparation methods and main applications of palladium nanomaterials are introduced. Chapter 2: Three-dimensional porous palladium nanocrystalline graphene composite hydrogels were synthesized in situ by one-step self-assembly method. The morphology, structure and properties of the hydrogels were characterized. The results show that Pd- graphene composite hydrogel has a three-dimensional porous network structure, which effectively inhibits the agglomeration of graphene layer, increases the specific surface area of the composite nanomaterials and improves its catalytic performance. On this basis, the catalytic effect of PD / graphene composite hydrogel on the degradation of organic pollutants such as dyes by NaBh4 was investigated. The catalytic efficiency of PD / graphene hydrogel was as high as 97% after six times of repeated use. In chapter 3, the three-dimensional graphene / multi-walled carbon nanotubes / palladium nanoparticles composite hydrogels were synthesized in situ by one-pot hydrothermal method, and their morphology, structure and properties were characterized. The G/ MWCNTs- / PD nanocomposite has porous structure, large specific surface area and good stability. On this basis, the catalytic properties of the composite nanomaterials for Suzuki coupling reaction were investigated. The results show that the catalyst has good catalytic activity and selectivity for Suzuki reaction. In addition, the feasibility of using glassy carbon electrode modified with G / MWCNTs / PD composite nanomaterials to detect hydrogen peroxide was investigated. The results show that the linear range of the method is 0.005 mm ~ 9.0 mm and the detection limit is 0.16 渭 M. Chapter 4: firstly, the molybdenum disulfide (MoS _ 2) nanoparticles were modified with carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, then the palladium nano-particles, molybdenum disulfide (PD / MoS _ 2) composite materials were prepared by chemical reduction method, and their structure and morphology were characterized. The results show that Pd- MoS2 nanocomposite has good catalytic performance for the degradation of nitrobenzene phenols by NaBH4, and the catalytic efficiency is as high as 9450 after repeated use for six times.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1

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