锰方硼石和钨系纳米材料的结构、特性及应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 03:20

本文选题：锰方硼石 + 钨系纳米材料　；参考：《北京科技大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：中国是目前世界上唯一拥有锰方硼石矿床的国家,至今学者仅对其化学成分和矿物的晶体结构有初步研究,材料学方面的研究几乎空白,本文首次对天然锰方硼石和合成的纳米锰方硼石的发光性能,中子辐照性能,伽马射线辐照性能,抗肿瘤和灭菌性能,电磁性能,摩擦磨损性能等性能,结合其结构特点进行了研究。将天然锰方硼石与合成锰纳米方硼石进行了性能的对比,为锰方硼石的合理开发和利用提供依据。通过XRD及EMS等软件对合成纳米锰方硼石和天然锰方硼石的结构进行了模拟,锰方硼石其结构和尖晶石结构类似,晶体中存在大量的四面体和八面体格位,Mn2+占据这两个格位在蓝光(450nm-490nm)的激发下发出绿光(500nm-540nm)和红光(670nm-730nm)。锰方硼石这一发光性质具有将“冷色光”转化为“暖色光”的性质,可能应用于制作能量转换玻璃,具有很好的保温效果,也可能用于制作激光器。在202Gy计量的伽马射线辐照下,锰方硼石产生大量的晶体缺陷,其中天然锰方硼石的发光强度提高了3.5倍,合成锰方硼石发光强度提高了3倍;在高能中子(14MeV)的辐照下,天然锰方硼石发光强度提高了39%,合成锰方硼石提高了23%。锰方硼石这种随辐照而产生的发光强度变化的特性,使得锰方硼石在伽马射线探测和中子示踪材料领域具有重要的应用前景。同时物理方法制备的环氧树脂/锰方硼石涂层对中子射线具有有效的吸收,1.05cm厚度的纳米锰方硼石复合涂层对14MeV的中子吸收率可达19%,因此锰方硼石作为中子屏蔽材料具有重要应用价值。锰方硼石可能作为核战争或核反应堆的核辐射的防护和示踪材料。锰方硼石同时对在低频电磁波和微波频段也具有较为稳定的电磁特性,通过引入适当的吸收剂可以电磁屏蔽材料领域得以应用。通过对人肺癌细胞A549和大肠杆菌BL21的生物实验,发现锰方硼石具有一定的抗肿瘤和灭菌性能,其中天然锰方硼石的肿瘤抑制率可达80%,细菌杀灭率达到了97.6%。因此,锰方硼石利用喷丝工艺制作出的防护服,既有吸收宇宙射线的作用,又有杀菌作用,可以用于宇航员的防护。也可以用于核战争中的人员防护。铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料是在高速、重载荷设备用制动器中的关键材料,在航天与汽车制造业中占有重要地位,实验采用与汽车中现用的铜基摩擦片材料相同的组分,在铜基摩擦材料中引入锰方硼石,摩擦片的摩擦系数更加稳定,磨损率降低,从而提高了铜基摩擦片的摩擦磨损性能。因此,锰方硼石对改善铜基摩擦材料的使用寿命和安全性具有重要意义。最后,本文讨论了钨系纳米材料的光催化特性和抗肿瘤抗病毒特性。利用柠檬酸法,通过控制pH值对反应的前驱体进行处理,合成不同结构的含钨纳米颗粒,建立了其微观结构模型。用不同结构钨系纳米材料通过对水、罗丹明B和甲基橙的光催化分析,得出掺杂Eu3+的W03和CaWO4纳米材料均有明显的光催化活性,CaWO4:Eu3+纳米材料对罗丹明B溶液具有最佳的催化效率。通过生物实验测定不同样品对肿瘤和病毒生长的抑制效果,确定了最佳抗肿瘤抗病毒药物的组分与结构。不同结构的钨系纳米材料对不同的肿瘤病毒的最佳抑制率是不同的。通过纳米颗粒与肿瘤细胞体系反应前后的荧光光谱、瞬态吸收谱的消长变化,表征了病毒和肿瘤与药物中间的电子传递。
[Abstract]:China is the only country with manganese square boron deposit in the world. So far, scholars have only studied the crystal structure of its chemical components and minerals, and the study of materials is almost blank. The luminescent energy, neutron irradiation performance and gamma ray radiation properties of natural manganese square boron and synthetic nanoscale are the first time in this paper. The properties of anti-tumor and sterilizing properties, electromagnetic properties, friction and wear properties, etc. are studied in combination with their structural characteristics. The properties of natural manganese square boron and synthetic manganese nanomilite are compared in order to provide the basis for the rational development and utilization of manganese square boron.
The structure of nano-manganese square boron and natural manganese square boron is simulated by XRD and EMS software. The structure of manganese square boron is similar to the spinel structure. There are a large number of tetrahedron and eight sides in the crystal. Mn2+ occupies the two positions to produce green light (500nm-540nm) and red light (670nm-730n) under the excitation of blue light (450nm-490nm). M). The luminescent property of manganese square boron has the nature of converting "cold color" into "warm color", which may be applied to the production of energy conversion glass. It has good thermal insulation effect and may be used to make lasers.
In the gamma ray irradiated by 202Gy, manganese square boron produces a large number of crystal defects, among which the luminescence intensity of natural manganese square boron is increased by 3.5 times, the luminescence intensity of the synthetic manganese square boron is 3 times higher; the luminescence intensity of natural manganese square boron is increased by 39% under the irradiation of high energy neutron (14MeV), and the synthetic manganese square boron can improve the 23%. manganese square boron. This change of luminescence intensity caused by irradiation makes manganese square boron in the field of gamma ray detection and neutron tracer materials have an important application prospect. At the same time, the epoxy resin / manganese square boron coating prepared by physical method has effective absorption of neutron rays. The nano manganese square Boron Composite Coating with the thickness of 1.05cm is used for 14MeV The neutron absorption rate is up to 19%, so manganese square boron is of important application value as a neutron shielding material. Manganese square boron may be used as a protective and tracer material for nuclear war or nuclear reactor nuclear radiation.
Manganese square boron also has more stable electromagnetic properties at low frequency electromagnetic wave and microwave frequency band. By introducing appropriate absorbent, it can be applied in the field of electromagnetic shielding material.
Through biological experiments on human lung cancer cell A549 and Escherichia coli BL21, it is found that manganese square boron has certain anti-tumor and sterilization properties, of which the tumor inhibition rate of natural manganese square boron can reach 80%, the bactericidal rate of bacteria reaches 97.6%., so the protective clothing made of manganese square boron using spinneret technology can not only absorb cosmic rays, but also have the effect of absorbing cosmic rays. It has bactericidal effect and can be used for astronaut protection. It can also be used for personnel protection in nuclear war.
Copper based powder metallurgy friction material is the key material in high speed, heavy load and spare brake. It occupies an important position in the aerospace and automobile manufacturing industry. The experiment adopts the same component as the copper base friction material used in the automobile, and introduces the manganese square boron in the copper base friction material. The friction coefficient of the friction plate is more stable and the wear rate is more stable. In this way, the friction and wear properties of copper base friction plates are improved. Therefore, manganese square boron is of great significance for improving the service life and safety of copper based friction materials.
Finally, the photocatalytic properties and antiviral properties of tungsten based nanomaterials are discussed. Using the citric acid method, the precursors of the reaction are treated by controlling the pH value, and the tungsten nanoparticles with different structures are synthesized and their microstructure model is established. The water, rhodamine B and methyl orange are passed by different structure tungsten nanomaterials. Photocatalytic analysis showed that W03 and CaWO4 nanomaterials doped with Eu3+ had obvious photocatalytic activity. CaWO4:Eu3+ nanomaterials had the best catalytic efficiency for Luo Danming B solution. The inhibitory effects of different samples on tumor and virus growth were determined by biological experiments, and the composition and structure of the best antitumor and antiviral drugs were determined. The optimal inhibition rate of the structured tungsten nanomaterials for different tumor viruses is different. By the fluorescence spectra of the nanoparticles and the tumor cell system, the variation of the transient absorption spectrum is characterized by the electron transfer between the virus and the tumor and the drug.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O611.3;TB383.1

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