铜氧化合物纳米结构的控制合成及催化性能研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 09:46

本文选题：铜氧化合物 + 纳米结构　；参考：《安徽建筑大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：铜氧化合物(CuO、Cu2O)纳米材料是一种重要的过渡金属氧化物,由于其优异的催化、发光、气敏、磁性能而成为一个重要的研究方向。铜氧化合物纳米半导体材料是一种较好的催化剂材料,在光照的作用下可以光催化降解有机污染物。与传统的方法相比,半导体光催化是一种低能耗技术,具有操作简便、适用范围广、不易形成二次污染、可重复使用等显著优点。对于难降解的有机物,CuO还可以与双氧水作用,展现出优秀、快速的类芬顿催化性能。众所周知,材料的结构、组成、形貌以及尺寸决定材料的性能,因此设计并控制合成出具有一定规则的形貌和结构的材料才是研究的重点。本文中通过微波辅助、超声波辅助以及水浴法等成功制备出了多种结构与形貌的铜氧化合物,采用XRD、FESEM、TEM、UV-vis等表征手段对产品进行表征,并对其相关性能做了进一步的研究,具体的研究内容如下:1、通过超声辅助化学合成法制备了花状CuO结构,晶体结构、组成、形貌和光学性质通过XRD、FESEM、TEM和DRS进行表征。对比实验结果说明获得的花状CuO的形貌收到氨水体积和时间的影响。讨论了随时间影响的生长机理。由纳米片组装而成的花状CuO与商业CuO比较,对RhB展现了优秀的光催化性能,另外在同等的条件下,进行了MB和MO的光催化性能研究。2、通过一种简便的微波辅助化学合成法制备出了新颖的矩形垂直交叉状的CuO结构。样品通过XRD、FESEM、TEM、SAED、HRTEM和UV-vis进行表征。单个的矩形垂直交叉结构是由两个不同大小的矩形纳米片组成,通过在片的中心垂直交叉。在对比实验的分析上讨论了可能的生长机理。研究了在可见光光催化降解RhB染料的实验,展现了高的光催化性能。另外,该CuO作为一种添加剂,有很好催化高氯酸铵热分解的效果。3、通过一种简便的微波辅助化学合成法,用单乙醇胺作为形貌控制剂控制合成了南瓜状CuO、梭子状CuO以及球状CuO。晶体结构、组成、形貌以及光学性质通过XRD、FESEM、UV-vis和DRS进行表征。其禁带能分别是2.0、2.2和2.4 eV。研究了CuO的类芬顿催化性质,南瓜状CuO在一开始的5 min内,RhB染料的脱色率达到了98.5%,展现了优秀的类芬顿催化效率。4、用超声辅助化学合成法在室温下制备出了高单分散的Cu2O中空球。产品通过XRD、FESEM、TEM、HRTEM、BET和UV-vis等进行表征。发现Cu2O中空球是由立方相的纳米颗粒组装而成,其外部直径为400-600 nm,球壳的厚度为40 nm。光学带隙被测量为1.93 eV。孔径尺寸的范围是2-15 nm。讨论了可能的Cu2O中空球生长过程。对MO染料的最大吸附量为446.43 mg·g-1,表明在处理污水方面有潜在的应用。
[Abstract]:Copper oxide (CuO _ 2O) nanomaterials are important transition metal oxides, which have become an important research field due to their excellent catalytic, luminescent, gas-sensitive and magnetic properties. Copper oxide nanocrystalline semiconductor is a good catalyst material, which can photocatalyze the degradation of organic pollutants under the action of light. Compared with the traditional methods, semiconductor photocatalysis is a low energy consumption technology, which has the advantages of simple operation, wide application range, difficult to form secondary pollution and reusable. CuO can also react with hydrogen peroxide, showing excellent and fast Fenton-like catalytic performance. As we all know, the structure, composition, morphology and size of the material determine the properties of the material, so it is the focus of the study to design and control the synthesis of materials with regular morphology and structure. In this paper, a variety of copper oxide compounds with different structures and morphologies were successfully prepared by microwave assisted, ultrasonic assisted and water bath methods. The products were characterized by means of XRDX FESEMMOTEMU UV-vis, and their correlation was further studied. The specific contents of the study are as follows: 1. The structure, crystal structure, composition, morphology and optical properties of flower-like CuO were prepared by ultrasonic assisted chemical synthesis. The morphology and optical properties were characterized by TEM and DRS. The results show that the morphology of the flower-like CuO is affected by the volume and time of ammonia. The growth mechanism of the influence of time is discussed. Compared with commercial CuO, the flower-like CuO assembled from nanochip exhibits excellent photocatalytic properties for RhB, and under the same conditions, The photocatalytic properties of MB and MO were studied. A novel rectangular perpendicular cross-shaped CuO structure was prepared by a simple microwave-assisted chemical synthesis method. The samples were characterized by HRTEM and UV-vis. A single rectangular vertical cross structure is composed of two rectangular nanochips of different sizes, perpendicular to each other in the center of the sheet. The possible growth mechanism is discussed in the comparative experiment. The photocatalytic degradation of RhB dyes by visible light was studied. In addition, as an additive, CuO can catalyze the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. By a simple microwave assisted chemical synthesis method, pumpkin CuO, fusiform CuO and spherical CuO were synthesized by using monoethanolamine as morphology control agent. The crystal structure, composition, morphology and optical properties were characterized by XRDX FESEMMA-UV-vis and DRS. The forbidden band energy was 2.0g 2.2 and 2.4 EV, respectively. The Fenton-like catalytic properties of CuO were studied. The decolorization efficiency of squash like CuO was 98.5% in the first 5 min, showing the excellent Fenton-like catalytic efficiency .4.The highly monodisperse Cu2O hollow spheres were prepared by ultrasonic assisted chemical synthesis at room temperature. The products were characterized by XRDX FESEMN Tem, HRTEMN BET and UV-vis. It is found that Cu2O hollow spheres are assembled from cubic nanocrystalline particles with an external diameter of 400-600 nm and a thickness of 40 nm. The optical band gap was measured to 1.93 EV. The aperture size ranges from 2 to 15 nm. The possible growth process of Cu2O hollow spheres was discussed. The maximum adsorption capacity of MO dye is 446.43 mg g ~ (-1), which indicates that it has potential application in wastewater treatment.
【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;O614.121

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