新型石墨烯功能复合材料的制备及其在高分子性能增强和超级电容器中的应用

发布时间：2018-07-18 07:43

【摘要】：石墨烯独特的平面二维结构赋予了石墨烯优异的机械、光学及电子传递等性质,所以石墨烯材料已经引起了人们的广泛关注。然而大规模制备石墨烯和使用石墨烯构建宏观结构仍是一个巨大的挑战。本论文中采用金属纳米颗粒还原氧化石墨烯的方法成功制备了石墨烯,并通过掺入末端修饰的聚合物增强了石墨烯/聚合物复合薄膜的机械性能。论文主要内容如下:首先,我们通过简单的搅拌使铜纳米颗粒分散液和预先制备的氧化石墨烯混合,实现了氧化石墨烯的还原。在此过程中,铜纳米粒子首先起到还原剂的作用将氧化石墨烯还原,然后通过真空抽滤的方法制备出了石墨烯和铜纳米颗粒的复合膜。该复合物薄膜表现出了优异的导电性和柔韧性。将复合物薄膜中的纳米颗粒刻蚀后,我们得到了高度多孔的石墨烯结构,这种材料可用作超级电容器的电极。这种绿色,安全,高效,超低成本制造石墨烯/金属纳米粒子复合材料的方法,将为石墨烯/金属纳米粒子复合材料的大规模商业应用铺平道路。其次,在本工作中,我们通过简单的酯化反应合成了三种聚乙二醇分子链(FPEG),这三种分子链的两端均带有富含π电子的官能团。从而可以通过π-π叠加相互作用增强石墨烯与聚乙二醇高分子分子之间的相互作用。我们发现合成的石墨烯聚合物复合薄膜具有更强的抗张强度和可控的导电性。我们提出的石墨烯薄片和FPEG填充剂相互作用理论较好的解释了实验结果。同时我们以能量密度理论计算了官能团与石墨烯之间的作用力。原子力显微镜(AFM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR),X-射线衍射(XRD),热重分析(TGA),紫外可见分光光度计和荧光分光光度计被用来表征每步合成的中间产物和石墨烯聚合物复合物薄膜。
[Abstract]:The unique planar two-dimensional structure of graphene gives graphene excellent mechanical, optical and electron transfer properties, so graphene materials have attracted much attention. However, the preparation of graphene on a large scale and the construction of macrostructure using graphene are still a great challenge. In this thesis, graphene was successfully prepared by metal nanoparticles reduction and oxidation of graphene, and the mechanical properties of graphene / polymer composite film were enhanced by the addition of terminal modified polymer. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the reduction of graphene oxide was realized by mixing the copper nanoparticles dispersion with the pre-prepared graphene oxide. In this process, copper nanoparticles acted as reducing agents to reduce graphene oxide, and then the composite films of graphene and copper nanoparticles were prepared by vacuum filtration. The composite film exhibits excellent electrical conductivity and flexibility. A highly porous graphene structure was obtained after etching the nanoparticles in the composite film, which can be used as an electrode for supercapacitors. This green, safe, efficient and ultra-low-cost method for fabricating graphene / metal nanoparticles composites will pave the way for large-scale commercial applications of graphene / metal nanoparticles composites. Secondly, in this work, we synthesized three kinds of poly (ethylene glycol) molecular chains (FPEG) by simple esterification reaction. Thus, the interaction between graphene and polyethylene glycol can be enhanced by 蟺-蟺 superposition interaction. We found that the synthesized graphene polymer composite film has stronger tensile strength and controllable conductivity. Our theory of the interaction between graphene flakes and FPEG fillers explains the experimental results well. At the same time, the interaction force between functional groups and graphene is calculated by energy density theory. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-Vis spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer were used to characterize the intermediate products and graphene polymer composite films.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB33

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