机织间隔织物增强复合板材低速冲击性能研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 14:30

【摘要】：复合材料的低速冲击问题一直是材料领域的热门问题,低速冲击引起的一些不可视的损伤,会严重影响复合材料的力学性能。前人对以玻璃纤维为原料的间隔织物复合板材的低速冲击问题做过很多的研究,但是关于以涤纶为原料的机制间隔织物增强板材的低速冲击问题的研究还不多。本文针对机织间隔织物增强复合板材的低速冲击问题和冲击后侧压强度问题进行了研究,并对冲击过程进行了有限元模拟。研究内容主要包括以下几方面:首先,采用高强低伸的工业涤纶作为纤维原料,代替常用的玻璃纤维,织造了5种不同接结纱细度的机织间隔织物。选用聚氨酯泡沫为填充材料,环氧树脂作涂覆材料,制备机织间隔织物增强复合板材。其次,进行低速冲击实验。改变接结纱的细度和冲击位置,研究它们对复合材料抗低速冲击性能的影响。发现随着接结纱细度的增加,复合材料受到的冲击伤害也同时增大;改变冲击位置,把冲击到接结点上与冲击到非接结点上进行对比,当冲击头冲击到接结点位置,板材所受的损伤大于冲击到非接结点位置。接着对经过低速冲击的机织间隔织物增强复合板材的剩余侧压强度进行了研究。结果表明:复合板材经过低速冲击后,侧压强度下降,并且侧压破坏模式会发生改变;发现同一冲击能量下,接结纱越粗的复合板的侧压衰减率更低,可以更多的保留冲击前的侧压强度;改变冲击位置,会造成侧压强度的不同。冲击发生在非接结点上后,板材承受侧压作用易于发生分层破坏;而冲击载荷发生在接结点上后,板材承受侧压作用易于发生弯曲破坏。当冲击能量足够大时,这一差别将不明显。最后,运用ANSYS中的显示动力学模块对冲击过程进行了有限元模拟,通过对应力云图的观察发现,模型符合低速冲击的大致趋势,但不太精确,还有待进一步的优化。
[Abstract]:The low speed impact of composites is always a hot problem in the field of materials. Some invisible damage caused by low speed impact will seriously affect the mechanical properties of composites. A lot of researches have been done on the low speed impact of spacer fabric composite sheet with glass fiber as raw material, but the low speed impact problem of machined spacer fabric reinforced sheet with polyester fiber as raw material is not much studied. In this paper, the low speed impact problem and the side compressive strength problem of woven fabric reinforced composite plate are studied, and the impact process is simulated by finite element method. The main contents of the study are as follows: firstly, five kinds of woven spacer fabrics with different yarn fineness are woven by using high strength and low elongation industrial polyester as fiber material instead of common glass fiber. Polyurethane foam was used as filling material and epoxy resin as coating material to prepare woven spacer fabric reinforced composite plate. Secondly, the low speed impact test is carried out. The influences of fineness and impact position on the low speed impact resistance of the composites were studied. It is found that the impact damage of the composite increases with the increase of yarn fineness, and the impact position is changed, and the impact on the joint is compared with that on the non-joint. The damage to the plate is greater than the impact to the non-joint position. Then, the residual lateral compressive strength of woven spaced fabric reinforced composite sheet after low speed impact was studied. The results show that the lateral compression strength of the composite plate decreases after low speed impact, and the lateral compression failure mode changes, it is found that under the same impact energy, the side pressure attenuation rate of the composite plate with thicker yarn is lower. The lateral pressure strength before impact can be retained more, and the lateral pressure strength will be different by changing the impact position. When the impact occurs on the non-joint, the lamination failure is easy to occur when the plate is subjected to lateral compression, while the plate subjected to lateral compression is prone to bending failure after the impact load occurs on the joint. When the impact energy is large enough, the difference will not be obvious. Finally, the finite element simulation of the impact process is carried out by using the display dynamics module in ANSYS. Through the observation of the stress cloud diagram, it is found that the model accords with the general trend of low speed impact, but it is not accurate and needs further optimization.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TS106;TB33

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