疏水亲油性油水分离材料的制备与表征

发布时间：2018-07-28 11:34

【摘要】：油水分离材料的制备与研究是目前解决环境污染和资源浪费的一个重要方向。本文提出一种将表面微溶与气流喷涂相结合的纳米粒子表面涂覆技术,实现了低表面能聚四氟乙烯纳米颗粒在耐高温、耐酸碱性能优异芳纶纸和高强耐磨的高致密锦纶机织布基材表面均匀涂覆和有效粘结牢度,开发出满足高温、强酸碱、强应力等特殊工况需求的油水分离材料,为新型油水分离材料开发提供新的途径和思路。主要工作分为两部分,具体如下:首先,以耐高温、耐酸碱性能优异芳纶纸为基材,将其浸泡于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)和水的复配溶剂中15 min后取出,然后使用气流喷枪在其表面喷射聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纳米颗粒,制得PTFE表面涂覆芳纶纸油水分离材料。探讨了 DMAc占溶剂总质量百分比对芳纶纸表面微溶效果的影响,利用SEM、XPS、TGA等测试手段表征了纯芳纶纸和PTFE涂层芳纶纸的表面形貌、元素含量以及热学性能,分析了纯芳纶纸和涂层芳纶纸的孔径分布、机械性能、亲水亲油性、耐酸碱耐高温性以及纳米颗粒在基体表面的粘附性,并考察了 PTFE涂层芳纶纸的油水分离性能。结果表明:DMAc百分比为20 wt%,芳纶纤维表面微溶柔和,对芳纶纸整体性能影响较小,且PTFE纳米颗粒涂层在其表面涂覆分散效果最佳;比表面能极低的PTFE纳米颗粒在芳纶纸表面形成了纳米级粗糙结构,具有较高疏水亲油性能,对重油和轻油均具有良好的分离效果,分离效率高达99%以上;同时该涂层材料在高温280℃时仍具有125°的水接触角;在强酸强碱环境下,该芳纶纸仍能保持135°左右的水接触角,具有很好的耐酸碱性和耐高温性,可满足高温及强酸碱等特殊工况条件下油水分离使用需求。其次,以奥利弗宝改性疏水疏油平纹结构锦纶机织布为基材,将其单侧浸泡于不同质量百分比的甲酸溶液中,然后采用气流喷枪将PTFE纳米颗粒喷涂于其表面,得到一侧疏水亲油,一侧疏水疏油不同对称结构油水分离材料。分析了甲酸溶液百分比对锦纶纤维表面微溶效果,选出最优的甲酸溶液,利用SEM、XPS、TGA等测试手段对纯锦纶织物和涂层后的锦纶织物的表面形貌、元素含量以及热学性能进行表征,考察了其孔径分布、机械性能和油水分离的性能。结果表明.甲酸的最优浓度为20 wt%。制备的涂层材料对多种类的油水混合物均达到99%以上的分离效率,同时由于处理之后的锦纶机织布的强度为138.97 MPa,具有优异的拉伸力学性能,可满足强应力等特殊工况条件下油水分离使用需求。
[Abstract]:The preparation and research of oil-water separation materials is an important direction to solve environmental pollution and waste of resources. In this paper, a new surface coating technique is proposed, which combines the surface microsolubilization with airflow spraying to achieve high temperature resistance of low surface energy PTFE nanoparticles. Excellent acid and alkali resistance aramid paper and high strength and wear resistance high density nylon loom substrate were evenly coated and effective adhesive fastness was developed to meet the special requirements of high temperature, strong acid and alkali, strong stress and other special working conditions, oil and water separation materials were developed to meet the requirements of special conditions such as high temperature, strong acid and alkali, strong stress and so on. It provides a new way and train of thought for the development of new oil-water separation material. The main work is divided into two parts. Firstly, the aramid paper with high temperature resistance and excellent acid and alkali resistance is used as the base material. The paper is soaked in the compound solvent of NN- dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) and water for 15 min. Then the surface of PTFE coated with Aramid paper oil and water was prepared by spraying polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles with airflow spray gun. The effect of the percentage of DMAc in the total solvent on the surface microsolubility of aramid paper was discussed. The surface morphology, elemental content and thermal properties of pure aramid paper and PTFE coated aramid paper were characterized by means of SEMP-XPS-TGA. The pore size distribution, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, acid-alkali resistance and adhesion of nano-particles on the substrate surface of pure and coated aramid paper were analyzed. The oil-water separation properties of PTFE coated aramid paper were investigated. The results showed that the percentage of% DMAc was 20 wt.The surface of aramid fiber was slightly soluble and soft, which had little effect on the overall properties of aramid paper, and the PTFE nano-particle coating had the best dispersion effect on the surface. The PTFE nanoparticles with very low specific surface energy formed nano-size rough structure on the surface of aramid paper, which had high hydrophobic and oil-hydrophobic properties, and had good separation effect for heavy oil and light oil, and the separation efficiency was over 99%. At the same time, the coating material still has 125 掳water contact angle at 280 鈩，

本文编号：2150004