无机阻燃改性复合材料及非球形复合粒子的制备

发布时间：2018-08-02 17:05

【摘要】：高分子材料广泛应用于工业、农业、国防及日常生活的各个领域,但高分子材料也具有一些内在缺陷,如强度低、耐热性差、易燃烧等,将无机材料(无机粒子)与高分子材料复合可制得高性能的无机-有机复合材料。本论文首先研究了改性聚磷酸铵对不饱和聚酯复合材料各种性能的影响,另外在悬浮聚合中以蒙脱土为改性剂制备了非球形聚苯乙烯粒子。以正硅酸乙酯、氨水、乙醇等为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法在无机聚磷酸铵(APP)粒子表面形成二氧化硅层,然后利用偶联剂KH570在二氧化硅包覆层上进行接枝改性,得到了无机-有机复合改性聚磷酸铵(MAPP)。利用FTIR、SEM对MAPP的化学结构和表面形貌进行了分析,利用溶解度测试、水接触角测试及TG分析了APP和MAPP的基本性能。结果表明,对比未改性APP,MAPP在水中的溶解度明显减小,疏水性和热稳定性得到提高。分别利用改性前后的聚磷酸铵与不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)进行复合固化制备了聚磷酸铵/UPR复合材料。采用SEM、万能试验机、TG等测试了复合材料的各种性能,结果表明,与未改性APP相比,MAPP与UPR的结合明显增强,复合材料的拉伸强度、抗冲击强度都得到提高,热稳定性和阻燃性能也得到增强,当MAPP用量为30%时,MAPP/UPR复合材料的LOI值可达28.5%。本文还利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为原料,通过离子交换法制备了片层状的有机蒙脱土,并将其应用于苯乙烯的悬浮聚合中,制得了非球形聚苯乙烯/蒙脱土复合粒子。考察了蒙脱土含量、油水比、分散剂用量等对非球形粒子形态的影响,通过控制工艺参数,分别制得了椭球形、梭形乃至盘形的非球形粒子。对非球形粒子的形成机理进行了分析,并采用同样的方法制备了非球形聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/蒙脱土复合粒子。
[Abstract]:Polymer materials are widely used in industry, agriculture, national defense and daily life, but polymer materials also have some inherent defects, such as low strength, poor heat resistance, flammability and so on. Inorganic-organic composites with high performance can be prepared by combining inorganic materials (inorganic particles) with polymer materials. In this paper, the effect of modified ammonium polyphosphate on the properties of unsaturated polyester composites was studied. In addition, nonspherical polystyrene particles were prepared by using montmorillonite as modifier in suspension polymerization. Using ethyl orthosilicate, ammonia water and ethanol as raw materials, silica layer was formed on the surface of inorganic ammonium polyphosphate (APP) particles by sol-gel method, and then modified by coupling agent KH570 on the coating layer. Inorganic-organic composite modified ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP).) was obtained. The chemical structure and surface morphology of MAPP were analyzed by FTIR SEM. The basic properties of APP and MAPP were analyzed by solubility test, water contact angle test and TG. The results showed that the solubility of unmodified APP MAPP in water was obviously decreased, and the hydrophobicity and thermal stability were improved. The composite of ammonium polyphosphate and unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was prepared by using modified ammonium polyphosphate and unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) respectively. SEM and TG were used to test the properties of the composites. The results showed that compared with the unmodified APP, the combination of mapp and UPR was obviously enhanced, and the tensile strength and impact strength of the composites were improved. The thermal stability and flame retardancy were also enhanced, and the LOI value of MAPP / UPR composites reached 28.555 when the content of MAPP was 30%. Using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the raw material, the layered organic montmorillonite was prepared by ion exchange method, and was applied to the suspension polymerization of styrene to prepare the nonspherical polystyrene / montmorillonite composite particles. The effects of montmorillonite content, oil-water ratio and dispersant dosage on the morphology of non-spherical particles were investigated. By controlling the process parameters, ellipsoidal, fusiform and even disk-shaped non-spherical particles were prepared. The formation mechanism of non-spherical particles was analyzed and the nonspherical polymethyl methacrylate / montmorillonite composite particles were prepared by the same method.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332

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