基于静电纺丝技术的一维纳米材料在湿度传感器中的应用

发布时间：2018-08-08 15:45

【摘要】：纳米材料的发展和应用是材料学科的一次伟大革新。相对于传统材料而言,纳米材料具有高比表面积、成本低、化学性质稳定等优点。其中,基于金属氧化物的纳米材料广泛的运用于传感器领域。纳米材料在形貌结构、尺寸大小以及制备方式上的差异,都对其在传感性能方面的表现有重要影响。本论文利用高压静电纺丝技术制备了一维结构的金属氧化物纳米材料,主要对纳米材料在结构和尺寸等方面进行了改进。试验结果表明,基于此类纳米材料的湿度传感器在响应时间、灵敏度和稳定性等方面都有较大的提高。本论文所开展的研究工作主要包括以下几个方面:静电纺丝技术制备在制备一维纳米材料方面具有得天独厚的优势,经过严格的退火程序处理,所制备的一维纳米结构多出现纤维状和管状。此类一维结构的纳米材料具有很大的比表面积,能够有效提高材料的感湿能力,使传感器具备高的灵敏度和快速响应等特点。论文第三章详细介绍了G/SnO_x/CF的制备、测试过程并分析其响应机制。利用氯化亚锡、无水乙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和聚乙烯吡咯脘酮(PVP)成功的制备了SnO_2纳米管、SnO_x/CF纳米纤维,G/SnO_x/CF纳米材料复合。SEM和TEM表征表明,SnO_2纳米管表面粗糙,其管壁由SnO_2颗粒组成;SnO_x颗粒分散于碳纤维的内部和表面。基于复合材料G/SnO_x/CF的湿度传感器最高灵敏度为6.22,响应时间为6-8s。经过精确计算,加入石墨烯之后,G/SnO_x/CF湿度传感器的灵敏度与相同测试环境下SnO_x/CF湿度传感器相比提高了大约一倍。第四章中,利用静电纺丝技术成功的ZnFe_2O_4纳米管。ZnFe_2O_4纳米管管壁主要由ZnFe_2O_4颗粒组成,表面粗糙。测量表明,ZnFe_2O_4纳米管的平均直径为80纳米。基于ZnFe_2O_4的湿度传感器最高灵敏度为85.03(75%RH~95%RH)。该湿度传感器在快速响应方面也表现优异,其响应时间为5.60s(35%RH~75%RH),与同类型湿度传感器相比具有更快的响应速度。
[Abstract]:The development and application of nanomaterials is a great innovation in the field of materials. Compared with traditional materials, nanomaterials have the advantages of high specific surface area, low cost and stable chemical properties. Among them, metal oxide based nanomaterials are widely used in sensor field. The difference in morphology, size and preparation method of nanomaterials has an important influence on their sensing performance. In this paper, one dimensional metal oxide nanomaterials were prepared by using high voltage electrostatic spinning technology, and the structure and size of nanomaterials were improved. The experimental results show that the humidity sensor based on this kind of nanomaterials has great improvement in response time, sensitivity and stability. The research work in this paper mainly includes the following aspects: electrospinning technology has a unique advantage in the preparation of one-dimensional nanomaterials, and it has been treated by strict annealing procedure. The one-dimensional nanostructures were mostly fibrous and tubular. The nanomaterials with one-dimensional structure have a large specific surface area, which can effectively improve the humidity sensitivity of the materials and make the sensors have the characteristics of high sensitivity and rapid response. In the third chapter, the preparation, testing process and response mechanism of G/SnO_x/CF are introduced in detail. Using stannous chloride, anhydrous ethanol N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and polyethylpyrrolidone (PVP), SnO_2 nanotubes SnOx / CF nanofibers were successfully prepared. SEM and TEM characterization showed that the surface of Sno _ 2 nanotubes was rough. The tube wall is composed of SnO_2 particles and SnOx particles are dispersed on the inner and surface of carbon fiber. The maximum sensitivity of the humidity sensor based on composite G/SnO_x/CF is 6.22 and the response time is 6-8 s. After accurate calculation, the sensitivity of the G / SnOX / CF humidity sensor is about twice as high as that of the SnO_x/CF humidity sensor in the same test environment after the addition of graphene. In chapter 4, the wall of ZnFe_2O_4 nanotubes, ZnFeS _ 2O _ 4, which has been successfully fabricated by electrospinning technology, is mainly composed of ZnFe_2O_4 particles and the surface is rough. The measurements show that the average diameter of ZnFe2O4 nanotubes is 80 nm. The highest sensitivity of humidity sensor based on ZnFe_2O_4 is 85.03 (75%RH~95%RH). The humidity sensor is also excellent in fast response, and its response time is 5.60 s (35%RH~75%RH), which is faster than that of the same type of humidity sensor.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;TP212.1

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