数字导热系数测定系统研制
发布时间：2018-08-25 09:44
【摘要】：绝热材料的导热系数测定是当前大专院校热物理教学过程中的一个重要的基础性实验,是一个非常重要的实践环节。根据所用的思想不同,材料的导热系数测量可以分成稳态法与非稳态法两大类。稳态法具有很高的测量精度和可重复性,但存在着测量时间过长和设备复杂的固有缺点。非稳态法可实现快速获得材料的导热系数的同时又可以保证足够的测量精度,是目前主要应用的测试方法,当前各大高校所采用的方法也大都为非稳态法。但目前市场上销售的测量仪器的主要应用背景为材料的特性参数鉴定,这些设备往往价格昂贵且操作复杂,通常不能用于教学环节。基于上述的背景,针对实验教学环节对仪器设备的使用要求,研制了专门用于教学的数字导热系数测定系统。分析热脉冲法测量的原理并采用该方法设计总体测量方案。按照低成本、易于加工生产的设计思想,采用STM32作为控制单元,使用T型热电偶测量试件温度,设计加热器控制与监测电路以测量加热电压与电流,设计显示与打印电路以实现人机交互和数据结果的输出。按照操作简便的要求进行软件设计。软件程序分为控制测量过程的仪器控制程序和用于计算测试结果的上位机程序。测量过程由程序控制,无需人为干预,仪器操作简单快捷。论文对本设计中仪器的温度、电压和电流测量通道进行了测试与校准,对仪器的设计功能进行了验证。测试结果表明,本设计的仪器性能稳定、工作可靠,可以满足一般教学环节的要求,并完成了小批量的交付。本文最后根据所完成的工作得出本文结论。
[Abstract]:The measurement of thermal conductivity of adiabatic materials is an important basic experiment and a very important practical link in the teaching process of thermal physics in colleges and universities. According to the different ideas used, the measurement of thermal conductivity of materials can be divided into two categories: steady-state method and unsteady-state method. The steady-state method has high measurement accuracy and repeatability, but it has the inherent shortcomings of long measuring time and complicated equipment. The unsteady state method can obtain the thermal conductivity of materials quickly and at the same time guarantee enough measuring precision. It is the main testing method at present. At present, most of the methods used in colleges and universities are unsteady state methods. However, the main application background of the measuring instruments sold in the market is the identification of the characteristic parameters of materials. These equipments are often expensive and complicated to operate, and can not be used in teaching. Based on the above background, a digital thermal conductivity measurement system is developed to meet the requirements of experimental teaching for the use of instruments and equipment. The principle of thermal pulse method is analyzed and the overall measurement scheme is designed. According to the design idea of low cost and easy to process, STM32 is used as control unit, T type thermocouple is used to measure sample temperature, and heater control and monitoring circuit is designed to measure heating voltage and current. The display and print circuit is designed to realize the man-machine interaction and the output of data results. Design the software according to the requirement of simple operation. The software program is divided into the instrument control program which controls the measurement process and the upper computer program used to calculate the test results. The measurement process is controlled by program, without human intervention, the instrument operation is simple and fast. In this paper, the temperature, voltage and current of the instrument are measured and calibrated, and the design function of the instrument is verified. The test results show that the designed instrument is stable in performance, reliable in work, can meet the requirements of general teaching links, and has completed the delivery of small quantities. Finally, the conclusion of this paper is drawn according to the work done.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB302
本文编号：2202499
[Abstract]:The measurement of thermal conductivity of adiabatic materials is an important basic experiment and a very important practical link in the teaching process of thermal physics in colleges and universities. According to the different ideas used, the measurement of thermal conductivity of materials can be divided into two categories: steady-state method and unsteady-state method. The steady-state method has high measurement accuracy and repeatability, but it has the inherent shortcomings of long measuring time and complicated equipment. The unsteady state method can obtain the thermal conductivity of materials quickly and at the same time guarantee enough measuring precision. It is the main testing method at present. At present, most of the methods used in colleges and universities are unsteady state methods. However, the main application background of the measuring instruments sold in the market is the identification of the characteristic parameters of materials. These equipments are often expensive and complicated to operate, and can not be used in teaching. Based on the above background, a digital thermal conductivity measurement system is developed to meet the requirements of experimental teaching for the use of instruments and equipment. The principle of thermal pulse method is analyzed and the overall measurement scheme is designed. According to the design idea of low cost and easy to process, STM32 is used as control unit, T type thermocouple is used to measure sample temperature, and heater control and monitoring circuit is designed to measure heating voltage and current. The display and print circuit is designed to realize the man-machine interaction and the output of data results. Design the software according to the requirement of simple operation. The software program is divided into the instrument control program which controls the measurement process and the upper computer program used to calculate the test results. The measurement process is controlled by program, without human intervention, the instrument operation is simple and fast. In this paper, the temperature, voltage and current of the instrument are measured and calibrated, and the design function of the instrument is verified. The test results show that the designed instrument is stable in performance, reliable in work, can meet the requirements of general teaching links, and has completed the delivery of small quantities. Finally, the conclusion of this paper is drawn according to the work done.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB302
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