生物质炭基复合材料的制备及其电容性能研究
发布时间：2018-09-01 21:10
【摘要】：超级电容器由于具有高比电容、高功率密度和长循环寿命等优良特性,在现代电源存储系统中发挥着越来越重要的作用。电极材料是影响电容器电化学性能的主要因素之一,目前研究热点主要集中在超级电容器的电极材料上,在这方面的研究主要有以下三种类型:碳材料、金属氧化物(金属氢氧化物)材料和导电聚合物材料。本论文分别阐述了生物质炭/二氧化锰复合材料、生物质炭/聚苯胺复合材料、WO_3纳米线的合成,表征以及作为超级电容器电极材料的应用研究。分别用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)和氮气吸脱附等表征手段对材料的形貌、结构和组成进行了比较系统的研究。并采用循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗等测试方法对材料的电化学性能进行了考察。论文主要研究内容如下:1、在不同温度下直接碳化橘子皮制备了橘子皮基生物质炭(OAC),通过氧化还原反应,调整KMn O_4与OAC的质量比制备出一系列生物质炭/二氧化锰(OAC-Mn O_2)复合材料。所制备的OM1(OAC-8与KMn O_4的质量比为4:1)表现出优异的电化学性能,在电流密度为1 A g~(-1)时比电容高达656 F g~(-1),并且OM1复合材料具有较高的容量倍率。经过5000次的充/放电循环测试后,其比电容仍能保持在80%以上。2、以栗子壳为碳源,800℃碳化制备具有多级结构的新型生物质炭材料(CAC8),然后与苯胺单体通过界面聚合得到生物质炭/聚苯胺(CAC8/PANI)复合材料。测试结果表明,CAC8具有大的比表面积(1568.0 m2 g~(-1))和孔体积(0.94 cm3 g~(-1))。相比之下,在1 M H2SO_4电解质溶液中,CAC8比电容为207 F g~(-1),而CAC8/PANI复合材料比电容高达597 F g~(-1),并且经过1000次充放电循环后,比电容保留率为80%。3、以界面聚合和水热反应分别制备了CAC/PANI复合材料和WO_3纳米线,并以CAC/PANI为正极,WO_3纳米线为负极,在1 M H2SO_4电解液中组装出非对称超级电容器(ASC)。采用恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等电化学方法考察了非对称超级电容器的性能。该ASC装置在0-1.5 V的电位窗口,0.5 A g~(-1)时电流密度下,比电容为274.3 F g~(-1),能量密度为21.4 Wh kg~(-1)(功率密度为374.5k W kg~(-1))。经过1500次循环容量衰减不到20%,表现出良好的超级电容特性。
[Abstract]:Supercapacitors play an increasingly important role in modern power storage systems because of their high specific capacitance, high power density and long cycle life. Electrode material is one of the main factors that affect the electrochemical performance of capacitors. At present, the research focus is mainly on the electrode materials of supercapacitors. Metal oxides (metal hydroxides) and conductive polymer materials. In this paper, the synthesis and characterization of biomass carbon / manganese dioxide composite, biomass carbon / Polyaniline composite WO _ 3 nanowires and their applications as electrode materials for supercapacitors are described. The morphology, structure and composition of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM),) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and nitrogen adsorption and desorption. The electrochemical properties of the materials were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge-discharge and AC impedance. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. A series of biomass carbon / manganese dioxide (OAC-Mn O _ 2) composites were prepared by direct carbonization of orange peel at different temperatures by redox reaction. The mass ratio of KMn O _ 4 to OAC was adjusted to form a series of biomass-based carbon / manganese dioxide (OAC-Mn O _ 2) composites. The prepared OM1 (the mass ratio of OAC-8 to KMn O _ 4 is 4:1) exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, and the specific capacitance reaches 656F g ~ (-1) when the current density is 1 A g ~ (-1), and the OM1 composite has a high capacity ratio. After 5000 cycles of charge / discharge testing, The specific capacitance can still be kept above 80%. A new type of biomass carbon material (CAC8) with multistage structure was prepared by carbonization of chestnut shell at 800 鈩，
本文编号：2218364
[Abstract]:Supercapacitors play an increasingly important role in modern power storage systems because of their high specific capacitance, high power density and long cycle life. Electrode material is one of the main factors that affect the electrochemical performance of capacitors. At present, the research focus is mainly on the electrode materials of supercapacitors. Metal oxides (metal hydroxides) and conductive polymer materials. In this paper, the synthesis and characterization of biomass carbon / manganese dioxide composite, biomass carbon / Polyaniline composite WO _ 3 nanowires and their applications as electrode materials for supercapacitors are described. The morphology, structure and composition of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM),) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and nitrogen adsorption and desorption. The electrochemical properties of the materials were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge-discharge and AC impedance. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. A series of biomass carbon / manganese dioxide (OAC-Mn O _ 2) composites were prepared by direct carbonization of orange peel at different temperatures by redox reaction. The mass ratio of KMn O _ 4 to OAC was adjusted to form a series of biomass-based carbon / manganese dioxide (OAC-Mn O _ 2) composites. The prepared OM1 (the mass ratio of OAC-8 to KMn O _ 4 is 4:1) exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, and the specific capacitance reaches 656F g ~ (-1) when the current density is 1 A g ~ (-1), and the OM1 composite has a high capacity ratio. After 5000 cycles of charge / discharge testing, The specific capacitance can still be kept above 80%. A new type of biomass carbon material (CAC8) with multistage structure was prepared by carbonization of chestnut shell at 800 鈩，
本文编号：2218364
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