纳米粒子改性PVC及其高原抗紫外性能的研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 19:26

【摘要】：本文针对我国PVC发展情况,结合青海当地条件,根据高分子材料老化机理,以PVC树脂为研究对象,无机纳米粒子为紫外屏蔽改性剂,制备了具有优异性能的PVC复合材料。首先通过单因素试验和正交试验确定并优化了硅烷偶联剂改性纳米粒子的工艺条件。将在最佳条件下得到的改性纳米粒子通过溶液混合的方式添加到PVC基体当中,SEM、粒径分布、FIIR分析表明改性后的纳米粒子在PVC中分散均匀,纳米粒子的最佳添加比例为3%,此时制得的PVC薄膜的拉伸性能和紫外屏蔽性能最佳;将改性Zn O纳米粒子代替部分纳米Ti O2添加到PVC基体当中,发现加入Zn O后粒子在基体当中分散更加均匀,这主要是由于Zn O与Ti O2通过静电力、范德华力物理交联在一起,降低粒子的团聚,从而提高了PVC材料的拉伸性能、紫外屏蔽性能。此外,由于Zn O具有协同阻燃的作用,材料的氧指数也显著增加,实验结果表明,当纳米Ti O2粒子与纳米Zn O粒子的添加比例为1:3时,材料各项性能达到最佳。进一步研究Ti O2与Zn O的相互作用,将市售的Zn O纳米粒子换成自制的Zn O纳米棒添加到PVC中,发现复合粒子的添加能够阻碍PVC的链段运动,从而提高材料的拉伸性能和热稳定性能,而均匀分散的复合粒子也显著的提高了材料的紫外屏蔽能力,减缓了材料的老化过程。
[Abstract]:According to the development of PVC in China, according to the local conditions of Qinghai, according to the aging mechanism of polymer materials, taking PVC resin as research object and inorganic nanoparticles as UV shielding modifier, PVC composites with excellent properties were prepared. Firstly, the process conditions of silane coupling agent modified nanoparticles were determined and optimized by single factor test and orthogonal test. The modified nanoparticles obtained under the optimum conditions were added to the PVC matrix by solution mixing. The particle size distribution and FIIR analysis showed that the modified nanoparticles were dispersed uniformly in PVC. The best addition ratio of nano-particles is 3 and the tensile properties and UV shielding properties of the prepared PVC films are the best. The modified Zn O nanoparticles are added to the PVC substrate instead of some nano-sized Ti O _ 2. It is found that the dispersion of particles in the matrix is more uniform after the addition of Zn O, which is mainly due to the fact that Zn O and Ti O 2 are crosslinked by electrostatic force and van der Waals force physics, which reduces the aggregation of particles and improves the tensile properties of PVC materials. UV shielding performance. In addition, because of the synergistic flame retardant effect of Zn O, the oxygen index of the material also increased significantly. The experimental results showed that when the ratio of nano Ti O 2 particles to nano Zn O O particles was 1:3, the properties of the materials reached the best. The interaction between Ti O 2 and Zn O was further studied. The Zn O nanoparticles on the market were replaced by homemade Zn O nanorods to be added to PVC. It was found that the addition of composite particles could block the chain motion of PVC. Thus, the tensile properties and thermal stability of the materials were improved, and the uniformly dispersed composite particles also significantly improved the UV shielding ability of the materials, and slowed down the aging process of the materials.
【学位授予单位】：青海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;TQ325.3

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