高性能油水分离材料的制备及性能研究
发布时间：2018-10-05 11:56
【摘要】：近年来,溢油事故频发,海上的浮油每年都会杀死数以万计的海洋生物,对生态系统造成无法挽回的破坏。利用高性能油水分离材料进行海面油污处理是最经济、最高效的方法之一。本文以廉价易得的不锈钢网为基底,以低密度聚乙烯、碳化硅、聚四氟乙烯、硬脂酸为主要改性剂,通过浸泡法、刻蚀法等方法制备出了疏水亲油的不锈钢网。用扫描电子显微镜,X射线光电子能谱,红外线光谱和能谱仪等测试手段对改性后不锈钢网的表面微结构和化学成分进行了表征,用OCA20接触角测试仪测试了改性后不锈钢网的疏水性能。研究了改性后不锈钢网的油水分离效率,油水分离速率,耐腐蚀性以及可重复使用性能,并设计了油水分离装置,结果表明：1.以不锈钢网为基底,以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)为改性剂,采用浸泡法制备了LDPE改性的不锈钢网。当低密度聚乙烯的浓度为15.12g/L时,不锈钢网对水的接触角为125°。在低密度聚乙烯溶液中添加碳化硅(SiC)或者聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)颗粒,能够使改性后的不锈钢网对水的接触角分别达到139°和142°。2.用三氯化铁溶液对不锈钢网进行刻蚀,刻蚀后的不锈钢网具有微米-纳米复合结构的粗糙表面。然后以正十八硫醇(ODT)为改性剂,使用浸泡法对刻蚀后的不锈钢网进行表面改性,当正十八硫醇的质量分数为0.1%时,改性后的不锈钢网对水的接触角可以达到150°,具有超疏水性。实验还证明,ODT改性后的不锈钢网具有很好的耐腐蚀性能和可重复使用性能。以ODT改性不锈钢网为核心的油水分离装置,油水分离效率达98.5%,油水分离速率达1900L·min-1·m-2,基本上可以满足海上溢油回收作业的要求,具有广阔的实际应用前景。3.以不锈钢网为基底,以硬脂酸为改性剂,采用浸泡法制备了疏水亲油的不锈钢网,当硬脂酸的质量分数为0.1%时,不锈钢网对水的接触角可达到145°硬脂酸改性后的不锈钢网可以加工成“小船”模型,实验证明,用硬脂酸改性的不锈钢网所制备的“小船”模型具有高达98.8%的油水分离效率。
[Abstract]:In recent years, oil spills occur frequently. Oil slick kills tens of thousands of marine organisms every year, causing irreparable damage to ecosystems. It is one of the most economical and efficient methods to use high performance oil-water separation material to treat the surface oil pollution. In this paper, the hydrophobic and oil hydrophobic stainless steel mesh was prepared by immersion and etching with low density polyethylene, silicon carbide, polytetrafluoroethylene and stearic acid as the main modifiers on the basis of cheap and easy to obtain stainless steel mesh, and low density polyethylene (LDPE), silicon carbide (sic), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and stearic acid as the main modifiers. The surface microstructure and chemical composition of the modified stainless steel mesh were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and energy spectrometer (EDS). The hydrophobic properties of the modified stainless steel mesh were tested by OCA20 contact angle tester. The oil-water separation efficiency, oil-water separation rate, corrosion resistance and reusability of the modified stainless steel mesh were studied. The oil-water separation device was designed. Stainless steel mesh modified by LDPE was prepared by immersion method with stainless steel mesh as substrate and low density polyethylene (LDPE) as modifier. When the concentration of LDPE is 15.12g/L, the contact angle of stainless steel mesh to water is 125 掳. Adding silicon carbide (SiC) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles to the solution of low density polyethylene (LDPE), the contact angles of the modified stainless steel mesh to water reached 139 掳and 142 掳路2 respectively. Stainless steel mesh was etched with ferric trichloride solution. The etched stainless steel net has a rough surface with micron-nano composite structure. Then using n-octadecanol (ODT) as modifier, the etched stainless steel mesh was modified by immersion method. When the mass fraction of n-octadecyl mercaptan was 0.1, the contact angle of the modified stainless steel net to water could reach 150 掳, and it had super hydrophobicity. The results also show that the modified stainless steel mesh has good corrosion resistance and reusability. The oil-water separation device with ODT modified stainless steel mesh as the core, the oil-water separation efficiency reaches 98.55.The oil-water separation rate reaches 1900L min-1 m-2, which can basically meet the requirements of offshore oil spill recovery, and has a broad practical application prospect. Using stainless steel mesh as substrate and stearic acid as modifier, a hydrophobic oil-hydrophilic stainless steel mesh was prepared by soaking method. When the mass fraction of stearic acid was 0.1, The contact angle of stainless steel mesh to water can reach 145 掳stearic acid modified stainless steel mesh can be processed into a "boat" model. The experiment shows that the "boat" model prepared with stainless steel mesh modified by stearic acid has a high oil-water separation efficiency of 98.8%.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB34
本文编号：2253288
[Abstract]:In recent years, oil spills occur frequently. Oil slick kills tens of thousands of marine organisms every year, causing irreparable damage to ecosystems. It is one of the most economical and efficient methods to use high performance oil-water separation material to treat the surface oil pollution. In this paper, the hydrophobic and oil hydrophobic stainless steel mesh was prepared by immersion and etching with low density polyethylene, silicon carbide, polytetrafluoroethylene and stearic acid as the main modifiers on the basis of cheap and easy to obtain stainless steel mesh, and low density polyethylene (LDPE), silicon carbide (sic), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and stearic acid as the main modifiers. The surface microstructure and chemical composition of the modified stainless steel mesh were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and energy spectrometer (EDS). The hydrophobic properties of the modified stainless steel mesh were tested by OCA20 contact angle tester. The oil-water separation efficiency, oil-water separation rate, corrosion resistance and reusability of the modified stainless steel mesh were studied. The oil-water separation device was designed. Stainless steel mesh modified by LDPE was prepared by immersion method with stainless steel mesh as substrate and low density polyethylene (LDPE) as modifier. When the concentration of LDPE is 15.12g/L, the contact angle of stainless steel mesh to water is 125 掳. Adding silicon carbide (SiC) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles to the solution of low density polyethylene (LDPE), the contact angles of the modified stainless steel mesh to water reached 139 掳and 142 掳路2 respectively. Stainless steel mesh was etched with ferric trichloride solution. The etched stainless steel net has a rough surface with micron-nano composite structure. Then using n-octadecanol (ODT) as modifier, the etched stainless steel mesh was modified by immersion method. When the mass fraction of n-octadecyl mercaptan was 0.1, the contact angle of the modified stainless steel net to water could reach 150 掳, and it had super hydrophobicity. The results also show that the modified stainless steel mesh has good corrosion resistance and reusability. The oil-water separation device with ODT modified stainless steel mesh as the core, the oil-water separation efficiency reaches 98.55.The oil-water separation rate reaches 1900L min-1 m-2, which can basically meet the requirements of offshore oil spill recovery, and has a broad practical application prospect. Using stainless steel mesh as substrate and stearic acid as modifier, a hydrophobic oil-hydrophilic stainless steel mesh was prepared by soaking method. When the mass fraction of stearic acid was 0.1, The contact angle of stainless steel mesh to water can reach 145 掳stearic acid modified stainless steel mesh can be processed into a "boat" model. The experiment shows that the "boat" model prepared with stainless steel mesh modified by stearic acid has a high oil-water separation efficiency of 98.8%.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB34
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