基于高频电磁—超声混合悬浮的无容器装置设计及实验研究

发布时间：2018-10-11 09:25

【摘要】：随着材料科学的快速发展,人们对材料性能的要求随之提高,即需要开发出更多的新型材料。无容器技术因其独有的特性,在新型材料的开发领域具有显著的优势。结合以往的研究和各种无容器技术的特点,本文提出基于高频电磁和超声驻波混合悬浮的方式对材料进行无容器熔炼和凝固。首先概述了电磁悬浮技术和超声驻波悬浮技术的原理、研究现状和应用,以及在电磁悬浮熔炼后常用的无容器凝固方式。设计了电控调节平台,实现了实验样品在超声驻波悬浮和电磁悬浮中的悬浮位置重合以及调节混合实验中的反射端。根据实验目的,通过ANSYS软件对不同凹球面半径的辐射端和反射端组合进行仿真分析,得出能提供较大声压值的组合方式。根据球形样品在多匝线圈中所受悬浮力理论,对目前常用的四种感应线圈类型进行MATLAB仿真,得出各种类型线圈的结构参数与样品所受悬浮力之间的关系及各类型线圈之间的差异。通过仿真分析得出:随着悬浮线圈最初匝半径、稳定线圈匝数、悬浮线圈半锥角和稳定线圈半锥角的增加,四种类型线圈的悬浮力都非线性减小;随着平面间距、线圈匝间距和悬浮线圈匝数的增加,四种类型线圈的悬浮力都非线性增加;圆柱形线圈提供的悬浮力一般大于螺线形线圈。此外,通过实验验证了实验结果与仿真结果相一致。通过MAXWELL对感应线圈进行电磁涡流场分析,并把计算得到的电磁涡流场作为ANSYS瞬态温度场分析的热源进行联合仿真。仿真结果表明:随着稳定线圈匝数、悬浮线圈半锥角和稳定线圈半锥角的增加,悬浮样品最高温度减小;随着悬浮位置的增加,悬浮样品最高温度增加,即线圈底部比其他位置的温度更高;随着样品半径的增加,悬浮样品最高温度显现先增加后减小的趋势。其中最初匝半径、平面间距、匝间距、悬浮线圈匝数对样品最高温度的影响比较小。此外,通过实验初步验证了实验结果与仿真结果相一致。通过实验研究了感应线圈结构参数和样品尺寸与实验样品稳定性之间的关系:较小直径的实验样品稳定性比较好,在一定锥度范围内悬浮线圈半锥角越大稳定性越好以及类型四的稳定性最好。搭建了基于高频电磁和超声驻波混合悬浮的实验装置,混合装置主要包括超声驻波悬浮装置、高频电磁悬浮装置、循环水装置、氩气氛围装置和电控调节平台五个部分。在空气中和氩气氛围中分别对低熔点的锡样品及熔点高的铝样品进行悬浮熔炼和冷却凝固实验,实现了金属在熔炼和冷却凝固过程中彻底的无容器。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of material science, the requirement of material properties is raised, that is, more new materials need to be developed. Because of its unique characteristics, containerless technology has significant advantages in the development of new materials. Based on the previous research and the characteristics of various containerless technologies, this paper presents a method of non-vessel melting and solidification based on the hybrid suspension of high frequency electromagnetic and ultrasonic standing wave. Firstly, the principle, research status and application of electromagnetic levitation technology and ultrasonic standing wave suspension technology, as well as the usual containerless solidification methods after electromaglev melting are summarized. The electronic control platform is designed to realize the coincidence of the suspension position of the experimental samples in the ultrasonic standing wave levitation and the electric magnetic levitation and to adjust the reflector in the mixed experiment. According to the experimental purpose, the combination of radiator and reflector of different concave spherical radius is simulated and analyzed by ANSYS software, and the combination mode which can provide larger sound pressure value is obtained. Based on the suspension force theory of spherical samples in multi-turn coils, four kinds of induction coils are simulated by MATLAB. The relationship between the structure parameters of various types of coils and the levitation force of the samples and the differences between the different types of coils are obtained. The simulation results show that with the increase of the initial turn radius, the number of stable coil turns, the half cone angle of suspension coil and the half cone angle of stabilized coil, the levitation force of four types of coils decreases nonlinear with the plane spacing. The levitation force of the four types of coils increases nonlinearly with the increase of the coil spacing and the number of hoisting coils, and the suspension force provided by cylindrical coils is generally greater than that provided by spiral coils. In addition, the experimental results are in agreement with the simulation results. The electromagnetic eddy current field of induction coil is analyzed by MAXWELL, and the calculated electromagnetic eddy current field is used as the heat source of ANSYS transient temperature field analysis. The simulation results show that the maximum temperature of the suspension sample decreases with the increase of the number of stable coil turns, the half cone angle of the suspension coil and the half cone angle of the stabilized coil, and the maximum temperature of the suspended sample increases with the increase of the suspension position. That is, the temperature at the bottom of the coil is higher than that at other locations, and with the increase of the sample radius, the maximum temperature of the suspended sample increases first and then decreases. Among them, the initial turn radius, plane spacing, turn spacing and the number of turns of suspension coil have little effect on the maximum temperature of the sample. In addition, the experimental results are in agreement with the simulation results. The relationship between the structure parameters and sample size of the induction coil and the stability of the experimental sample is studied experimentally: the stability of the experimental sample with smaller diameter is better than that of the experimental sample. In a certain taper range, the stability of suspension coil is better as the half cone angle is larger and the stability of type 4 is the best. The experimental equipment based on high frequency electromagnetic and ultrasonic standing wave mixed suspension is built. The mixing device mainly includes ultrasonic standing wave suspension device, high frequency electric magnetic levitation device, circulating water device, argon atmosphere device and electronic control adjusting platform. Suspension melting and cooling solidification experiments were carried out on tin samples with low melting point and aluminum samples with high melting point in air and argon atmosphere respectively.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB30

【相似文献】