基于微流控技术构建功能材料和化学体系

发布时间：2018-10-18 12:00

【摘要】：集成化,微型化是当今科学技术发展的一种主流趋势,它集中体现了人们力求用最少的资源解决复杂问题的意愿。微流控技术,一种能够精确控制和操纵处理微米尺度流体的科学和技术,是一门涉及物理,化学,生物和工程等多学科,并在过去二十年中发展迅速的课题。本论文主要以微流控芯片技术为平台,将其与离子液体,金属有机框架化合物等相结合,构建了各种多功能的微凝胶,多功能囊泡,以及光子晶体复合功能材料等,研究了微流控技术在功能材料和化学体系构建中的应用前景。主要内容如下:首先,我们以咪唑基离子液体为功能单体,利用微流控技术制备了具有可控尺寸和形态的单分散聚离子液体微凝胶。咪唑单元在微凝胶网络中可作为反应位点,通过简单的对抗离子交换反应有效地转化成所希望的功能材料。此外,基于对抗离子交换反应的时间、空间可控性,我们发开了一种能够制备不同各向异性的微凝胶的新策略。在上述基础上,我们通过改变微流控芯片的结构,构建了具有内部中空的双乳化囊泡结构。利用咪唑基离子液体的各种特性,制备了壁内部具有相互联通的三维孔洞结构的离子液体微囊泡。孔结构的开关、囊泡的功能在外界条件的刺激下能进行不同的响应和转变。最后,研究了其在蛋白质体外转录和翻译方面的应用。在利用微流控乳化技术制备聚离子液体功能凝胶和囊泡的基础上,我们将微流控液滴技术与胶体颗粒自组装技术相结合,制备了结构更复杂的光子晶体微球。并以此为模板制备了聚离子液体反蛋白石微球。研究了这种新型光子晶体微球模仿传统分子的主要特性。此外,我们还以球形光子晶体作为宿主矩阵,制备了一系列具有功能可调节性的MOFs光子晶体复合材料。研究了MOFs材料以及光子晶体独特功能的协同组合赋予这类多层次结构特殊的光学特性、分子识别特性、功能可衍生性、各向异性等多种特殊的性质。基于上述开展的工作、研究表明,微流控技术可为发展新型功能材料和化学体系提供一种新思路、新平台。
[Abstract]:Integration and miniaturization is a mainstream trend in the development of science and technology. It embodies the will of people to solve complex problems with the least resources. Microfluidic, a science and technology capable of accurately controlling and manipulating micro-scale fluids, is a multidisciplinary subject involving physics, chemistry, biology and engineering, and has developed rapidly in the past two decades. In this paper, the microfluidic chip technology is used as the platform, which is combined with ionic liquids, organometallic framework compounds and so on to construct various multifunctional microgels, multifunctional vesicles, and photonic crystal composite functional materials. The application prospect of microfluidic technology in the construction of functional materials and chemical systems was studied. The main contents are as follows: firstly, we prepared monodisperse polyionic liquid microgel with controllable size and morphology by using imidazol-based ionic liquids as functional monomers. Imidazole unit can be used as the reaction site in the microgel network and can be converted into the desired functional material effectively through the simple anti-ion exchange reaction. In addition, based on the temporal and spatial controllability of the antiion exchange reaction, we have developed a new strategy to prepare different anisotropic microgels. On the basis of the above, we constructed a double emulsified vesicle structure with internal hollow by changing the structure of microfluidic chip. Based on the characteristics of imidazol-based ionic liquids, ionic liquid microcapsules with intersecting three-dimensional pore structure were prepared. The function of the pore structure switch and vesicle can be changed under the stimulation of external conditions. Finally, its application in protein transcription and translation in vitro was studied. On the basis of the preparation of polyionic liquid functional gels and vesicles by microfluidic emulsification technology, a more complex photonic crystal microsphere was prepared by combining the microfluidic droplet technique with the colloidal particle self-assembly technique. The polyionic liquid reverse opal microspheres were prepared by using this template. The main characteristics of the new photonic crystal microspheres imitating traditional molecules have been studied. In addition, a series of functional tunable MOFs photonic crystal composites were prepared using spherical photonic crystals as host matrix. The special optical properties, molecular recognition characteristics, functional derivation and anisotropy of MOFs materials and photonic crystals are studied. Based on the above work, it is shown that microfluidic technology can provide a new idea and platform for the development of new functional materials and chemical systems.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB34

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