新型纳米电极在量子点太阳电池中的应用

发布时间：2018-10-26 20:21

【摘要】：量子点太阳电池(QDSCs)因其具有制作工艺简单、柔韧性好、生产能耗低等优异性能,从而引起研究人员的广泛关注,已成为国际上研究的新热点。目前,QDSCs的发展仍处于起步阶段,已报道的QDSCs效率约从1%到6%,平均只有3%左右,远远不及单异质结太阳电池的极限效率。一方面,传统的对电极的制备主要采用真空蒸镀法,这种方法不仅需要消耗大量的能量,而且制备出的对电极机械性能差,晶体形态复杂,粒子边界粘附性欠佳,导致对电极和光敏化层接触性差;另一方面,量子点对太阳光谱吸收较窄,且未能实现与n型半导体材料的最佳匹配,这无疑大大限制了电池器件的提升。因此,通过相对简单的方法,制备低成本、高效的对电极以及拓宽量子点半导体材料对太阳光谱的吸收范围,对QDSCs实际应用具有十分重要的意义。针对上述两个问题,本论文开展了以下创新型工作:(1)通过水热法成功制备了Co-Ru合金对电极,以及纯Ru、Co金属对电极。水热法是一种低成本、易操作的制备对电极方法,使用该方法制备的纳米纤维状的Co-Ru合金对电极,具有高比表面积、优异的电学性能以及良好的稳定性。此外,采用水相法合成出吸收边可调的CdS胶体量子点。通过优化合成工艺,获得了高荧光量子产率,宽吸收光谱的CdS量子点半导体材料,并组装成量子点太阳电池。结果表明,合金对电极具有协同作用,Co-Ru合金对电极拥有更低的传荷电阻。采用Co-Ru合金对电极制备的QDSCs光电转换效率达到3.04%,优于纯Co对电极(1.97%)、纯Ru对电极(1.31%)。(2)通过水热法制备出Ni-Ru合金及Ni、Ru金属对电极,研究对电极的电化学性能及组装QDSCs器件的光电性能。另外,采用油相法制备出CdSe胶体量子点。优化合成工艺,获得荧光量子产率最佳的量子点,并组装电池器件。研究对电极对电池器件的光电性能的影响。(3)通过机械剥离法制备石墨烯,采用低温旋涂法制备出石墨烯对电极,利用电化学方法如塔菲尔极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱等,研究旋涂工艺、石墨烯薄膜厚度等对QDSCs器件的光电性能影响。
[Abstract]:Quantum dot solar cell (QDSCs) has attracted wide attention due to its simple fabrication process, good flexibility and low energy consumption, which has become a new research hotspot in the world. At present, the development of QDSCs is still in its infancy. The reported efficiency of QDSCs ranges from 1% to 6%, with an average of only about 3%, which is far from the limit efficiency of single heterojunction solar cells. On the one hand, the traditional counter electrode is mainly prepared by vacuum evaporation. This method not only consumes a lot of energy, but also has poor mechanical properties, complex crystal morphology and poor particle boundary adhesion. The contact between the electrode and Guang Min layer is poor; On the other hand, the quantum dots have narrower absorption to the solar spectrum and fail to match the n-type semiconductor materials, which undoubtedly limits the improvement of the battery devices. Therefore, it is of great significance for the practical application of QDSCs to prepare low cost, efficient counter electrodes and broaden the absorption range of quantum dot semiconductor materials to the solar spectrum by a relatively simple method. Aiming at the above two problems, the following innovative works have been carried out in this paper: (1) Co-Ru alloy opposite electrodes and pure Ru,Co metal opposite electrodes have been successfully prepared by hydrothermal method. Hydrothermal method is a low cost and easy to operate method for preparing counter electrode. Nano-fibrous Co-Ru alloy prepared by this method has high specific surface area, excellent electrical properties and good stability. In addition, CdS colloidal quantum dots with adjustable absorption edge were synthesized by aqueous phase method. The CdS quantum dot semiconductor materials with high fluorescence quantum yield and wide absorption spectrum were obtained by optimizing the synthesis process and were assembled into quantum dot solar cells. The results show that the alloy has synergistic effect on the electrode and Co-Ru alloy has lower load transfer resistance to the electrode. The optoelectronic conversion efficiency of QDSCs prepared with Co-Ru alloy electrode is 3.04, which is better than that of pure Co opposite electrode (1.97%). The pure Ru opposite electrode (1.31%). (2) is prepared by hydrothermal method to prepare Ni-Ru alloy and Ni,. The electrochemical properties of Ru metal electrodes and the optoelectronic properties of assembled QDSCs devices were studied. In addition, CdSe colloidal quantum dots were prepared by oil phase method. Optimizing the synthesis process to obtain the quantum dots with the best fluorescence quantum yield, and assemble the battery devices. The effect of electrode on the photoelectric properties of battery devices was studied. (3) graphene was prepared by mechanical stripping method, graphene opposite electrode was prepared by low temperature spin-coating method, and electrochemical methods such as Tafel polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, etc. The effects of spin-coating technology and graphene film thickness on the optoelectronic properties of QDSCs devices are studied.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM914.4;TB383.1

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