阻燃PS保温材料的制备及其阻燃性能研究
发布时间：2018-10-31 12:10
【摘要】：由聚苯乙烯树脂为代表的有机外墙保温材料所引起的建筑火灾已成为广受关注的火灾事故类别。因此,研究聚苯乙烯材料的燃烧性能并对此类材料进行阻燃处理是十分有必要的,而通过添加阻燃剂对聚苯乙烯基体进行阻燃处理是一种行之有效的方式。本文通过熔融共混法制备三个聚苯乙烯阻燃体系,分别为聚苯乙烯/溴-锑/硼酸锌/八钼酸铵复合材料、聚苯乙烯/膨胀阻燃剂/氧化锌复合材料和聚苯乙烯/膨胀阻燃剂/硼酸锌复合材料体系、聚苯乙烯/聚苯醚/膨胀阻燃剂复合材料体系。借助氧指数法、UL-94垂直燃烧法、锥型量热仪、扫描电镜,分别对三个阻燃体系的燃烧性能进行测试并对燃烧碳渣进行微观形貌表征,得到结论如下:(1)溴-锑协效阻燃PS,通过氧指数表明十溴二苯乙烷与三氧化二锑比例为3:1时阻燃效果最显著。80%聚苯乙烯/15%溴-锑/2%硼酸锌/3%八钼酸铵复合材料,其锥型量热仪测试结果表明:同纯样比,最大热释放速率降低68.53%,THR下降60.58%。火灾性能指数和火灾发展指数,表明材料在燃烧时发生轰燃的可能性比纯样有所降低,并且阻燃剂抑制了火焰的传播速度,提高了火灾安全性能。但是复合材料的生烟速率却略微提升,ZB和AOM的加入没有达到预期的抑烟效果。(2)以PS为基体制备的复合材料中,锌的化合物与膨胀阻燃剂复配可提高PS氧指数。阻燃剂总添加量为30%,PS5c即70%聚苯乙烯/28%膨胀阻燃剂/2%硼酸锌样品阻燃效果最好。测试表明:与纯样比,pk-HRR降低幅度最大为60.70%,在CO生成速率、火灾烟气生成速率、烟气总生成量等方面在所有样品中表现最好,SEM碳渣结构较为致密,起到良好隔热隔氧作用,使火灾危险性最低。(3)以PS为基体与PPO和IFR熔融混炼制备的复合材料中,阻燃剂总添加量为40%,IFR与PPO比例为3:1时,在热释放速率、最大释热率(下降为50.56%)、CO生成速率、生烟速率及总生烟量、火灾性能指数上有最好的表现,SEM碳渣结构致密,火灾安全性能最高。固定聚苯醚的含量为20%,不断增大IFR的添加量,HRR、pk-HRR、SPR、TSP等燃烧性能参数数据就越理想,因此推断膨胀阻燃剂在阻燃抑烟方面起主要作用。
[Abstract]:The building fire caused by polystyrene resin as the representative of organic exterior wall insulation material has become a widely concerned category of fire accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to study the combustion properties of polystyrene materials and treat them with flame retardant, and it is an effective way to treat polystyrene matrix by adding flame retardant. In this paper, three polystyrene flame-retardant systems were prepared by melt blending method, which were polystyrene / bromo-antimony / zinc borate / ammonium octamolybdate composites. Polystyrene / intumescent flame retardant / zinc oxide composite, polystyrene / intumescent flame retardant / zinc borate composite system, polystyrene / polyphenylene ether / intumescent flame retardant composite system. With the help of oxygen index method, UL-94 vertical combustion method, cone calorimeter and scanning electron microscope, the combustion properties of three flame retardant systems were tested and the microscopic morphology of combustion carbon slag was characterized. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Bromine antimony synergistic flame retardant PS, The oxygen index showed that the flame retardancy was the most obvious when the ratio of decabromodiphenylethane to antimony trioxide was 3:1. 80% polystyrene / 15% bromo-antimony / 2% zinc borate / 3% ammonium octamolybdate composite was obtained. The results of pyramidal calorimeter showed that the maximum heat release rate decreased 68.53 and THR decreased 60.58 compared with the pure sample. The fire performance index and fire development index show that the probability of flashover is lower than that of pure sample, and the flame retardant inhibits the flame propagation speed and improves the fire safety performance. However, the smoke generation rate of the composites increased slightly, and the addition of ZB and AOM did not achieve the expected smoke suppression effect. (2) in the composites prepared with PS as the matrix, the combination of zinc compounds and intumescent flame retardants could improve the oxygen index of PS. The flame retardant effect of the sample containing 30% PS5c (70% polystyrene / 28% intumescent flame retardant / 2% zinc borate) was the best. The results showed that the maximum decrease of pk-HRR was 60.70 compared with the pure sample. The CO formation rate, the fire smoke formation rate and the total flue gas production were the best among all the samples, and the structure of SEM carbon residue was relatively compact. (3) in the composites prepared by melt mixing of PS with PPO and IFR, the total amount of flame retardant is 40%, when the ratio of IFR to PPO is 3:1, the heat release rate of the composites is at 3:1. The maximum heat release rate (decreased to 50.56%), CO rate, smoke rate, total smoke generation rate, fire performance index) has the best performance, SEM carbon slag structure is compact, fire safety performance is the highest. When the content of fixed polyphenylene ether is 20 and the amount of IFR is increased, the data of combustion performance parameters such as HRR,pk-HRR,SPR,TSP are more ideal. It is concluded that the intumescent flame retardant plays a major role in flame retardation and smoke suppression.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ325.2;TB33
本文编号：2302136
[Abstract]:The building fire caused by polystyrene resin as the representative of organic exterior wall insulation material has become a widely concerned category of fire accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to study the combustion properties of polystyrene materials and treat them with flame retardant, and it is an effective way to treat polystyrene matrix by adding flame retardant. In this paper, three polystyrene flame-retardant systems were prepared by melt blending method, which were polystyrene / bromo-antimony / zinc borate / ammonium octamolybdate composites. Polystyrene / intumescent flame retardant / zinc oxide composite, polystyrene / intumescent flame retardant / zinc borate composite system, polystyrene / polyphenylene ether / intumescent flame retardant composite system. With the help of oxygen index method, UL-94 vertical combustion method, cone calorimeter and scanning electron microscope, the combustion properties of three flame retardant systems were tested and the microscopic morphology of combustion carbon slag was characterized. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Bromine antimony synergistic flame retardant PS, The oxygen index showed that the flame retardancy was the most obvious when the ratio of decabromodiphenylethane to antimony trioxide was 3:1. 80% polystyrene / 15% bromo-antimony / 2% zinc borate / 3% ammonium octamolybdate composite was obtained. The results of pyramidal calorimeter showed that the maximum heat release rate decreased 68.53 and THR decreased 60.58 compared with the pure sample. The fire performance index and fire development index show that the probability of flashover is lower than that of pure sample, and the flame retardant inhibits the flame propagation speed and improves the fire safety performance. However, the smoke generation rate of the composites increased slightly, and the addition of ZB and AOM did not achieve the expected smoke suppression effect. (2) in the composites prepared with PS as the matrix, the combination of zinc compounds and intumescent flame retardants could improve the oxygen index of PS. The flame retardant effect of the sample containing 30% PS5c (70% polystyrene / 28% intumescent flame retardant / 2% zinc borate) was the best. The results showed that the maximum decrease of pk-HRR was 60.70 compared with the pure sample. The CO formation rate, the fire smoke formation rate and the total flue gas production were the best among all the samples, and the structure of SEM carbon residue was relatively compact. (3) in the composites prepared by melt mixing of PS with PPO and IFR, the total amount of flame retardant is 40%, when the ratio of IFR to PPO is 3:1, the heat release rate of the composites is at 3:1. The maximum heat release rate (decreased to 50.56%), CO rate, smoke rate, total smoke generation rate, fire performance index) has the best performance, SEM carbon slag structure is compact, fire safety performance is the highest. When the content of fixed polyphenylene ether is 20 and the amount of IFR is increased, the data of combustion performance parameters such as HRR,pk-HRR,SPR,TSP are more ideal. It is concluded that the intumescent flame retardant plays a major role in flame retardation and smoke suppression.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ325.2;TB33
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